Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / Dialogue with Trypho the Jew / Chapter 107Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, Chapter 107
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G5154
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Numeral
Sounds like: TREE-tay
Translations: third, a third, the third
Notes: This word is an ordinal number meaning 'third'. It is used to indicate position in a sequence, such as 'the third day' or 'the third person'. It functions as an adjective, modifying a noun, and agrees with it in gender, number, and case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: The word ΤΡΙΤΟΣ (tritos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *trei- meaning 'three'.
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-MEH-rah
Translations: day, a day, time, a time, period, a period
Notes: This word refers to a day, which can mean either a 24-hour period or the daylight portion of a day, as opposed to night. It can also be used more broadly to refer to a specific time, season, or period. It is commonly used to mark the passage of time or to refer to a particular point in time.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'warm' or 'hot', referring to the warmth of the day.
G3195
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-MEL-len
Translations: was about to, was going to, intended to, was destined to
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative third person singular form of the verb μέλλω (mellō). It is often used as an auxiliary verb, indicating that an action was on the point of happening, was intended, or was destined to occur. It conveys a sense of imminence or future intention from a past perspective. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He was about to leave' or 'She intended to speak'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ἘΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The verb μέλλω (mellō) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to delay' or 'to be concerned with'.
G0450
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Part of Speech: Infinitive Verb
Sounds like: ah-nas-TEE-ses-thai
Translations: to rise, to stand up, to raise, to be raised, to rise again, to be resurrected
Notes: This word is an infinitive verb meaning 'to rise' or 'to stand up'. It is often used in the context of rising from a seated or lying position, or, more significantly, rising from the dead (resurrection). It can also mean to raise someone or something up. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀνά' (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and 'ἵστημι' (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4717
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: stah-vroh-THEE-nai
Translations: to be crucified, to be impaled
Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'to crucify'. It describes the action of being put to death on a cross or stake. It is often used in the context of Jesus' crucifixion.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ge-GRAHP-tai
Translations: it is written, it has been written
Notes: This word is a perfect passive verb, meaning 'it has been written' or 'it stands written'. It is frequently used in the New Testament and other ancient Greek texts to refer to scripture or established records, indicating that something is recorded and remains true or valid. It often introduces a quotation from a sacred text.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΡΑΜΜΑΙ, ΓΕΓΡΑΦΘΑΙ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G668
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-poh-mnee-moh-NEV-mah-sin
Translations: memoirs, recollections, a record, an account
Notes: This word refers to memoirs, recollections, or a written record of events or sayings. It is often used in the plural to denote a collection of such writings, like historical accounts or personal narratives. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (apo, 'from, away from') and 'μνημονεύω' (mnēmoneuō, 'to recall, to remember').
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΝΗΜΑΤΑ, ΑΝΑΜΝΗΣΕΙΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G1085
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: geh-NOOS
Translations: of race, of kind, of family, of nation, of offspring, of stock
Notes: This word refers to a group of people sharing common ancestry, characteristics, or origin. It can also refer to a species, type, or class of things. It is often used to describe a lineage, a people group, or a category.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G4802
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: soo-zee-TOON-tes
Translations: discussing, disputing, questioning, those discussing, those disputing, those questioning
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'συζητέω' (syzēteō), meaning 'to discuss together' or 'to dispute'. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'ζητέω' (zēteō), meaning 'to seek' or 'to inquire'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject, often translated as 'discussing' or 'disputing'. It can also be translated as 'those who are discussing' or 'those who are disputing' when referring to a group of people.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-leh-gon
Translations: they were saying, they said, they used to say
Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It is used to indicate that a group of people were in the process of speaking or had a habit of saying something.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G1166
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DEEK-son
Translations: show, point out, display, make known, teach
Notes: This word is a command form of the verb 'to show' or 'to point out'. It is used to instruct someone to reveal, display, or make something known. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'Show me the way' or 'Point out the truth'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΝ, ΕΠΙΔΕΙΞΟΝ
G2254
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-meen
Translations: (to) us, (for) us, us
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the first-person plural pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to us' or 'for us'. It can also signify possession or benefit/detriment for 'us'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave the book to us' or 'This is good for us'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Dative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the first-person plural pronoun in other Indo-European languages.
G4592
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: say-MAY-on
Translations: sign, a sign, mark, a mark, miracle, a miracle, wonder, a wonder
Notes: This word refers to a sign, a mark, or an indication of something. It can also denote a miracle or a wonder, especially one that serves as a divine sign or attestation. It is used to point to something, to distinguish it, or to signify a future event. In a sentence, it might be used like 'the sign of the times' or 'he performed a great sign'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΕΡΑΣ, ΕΝΔΕΙΞΙΣ, ΣΥΜΒΟΛΟΝ
Etymology: This word comes from the Greek verb σημαίνω (sēmainō), meaning 'to show, signify, or indicate'. It is related to σῆμα (sēma), meaning 'a mark, sign, or token'.
G0611
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-KREE-nah-toh
Translations: answered, replied
Notes: This verb means 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It is often used in narratives to indicate a response to a question, statement, or situation. It can be used with a dative object to indicate to whom the answer is given.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΛΕΓΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G1074
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: geh-neh-AH
Translations: generation, an age, a race, a kind, a generation, an age
Notes: This word refers to a generation, meaning a period of time (typically around 30-40 years), or a group of people born around the same time. It can also denote a race, lineage, or family, or even a particular kind or class of people. It is used to describe a succession of people or a specific era.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ, ΦΥΛΗ
Etymology: From the Greek verb γίνομαι (ginomai), meaning 'to come into being, to be born, to become'. It refers to that which is begotten or produced.
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-NEE-rah
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, malicious, an evil thing
Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or harmful. It can refer to moral depravity, physical badness, or something that causes trouble or pain. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. In the provided examples, it describes 'counsel' (βουλευομενος) as evil and 'things' (implied) that one should not see as evil.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative; or Neuter, Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ' comes from 'πόνος' (ponos), meaning 'toil, labor, pain'. It originally referred to something that caused toil or pain, and later evolved to mean 'evil' or 'wicked' in a moral sense.
G3432
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: moy-KHA-lees
Translations: adulteress, an adulteress, adulterous, unfaithful
Notes: This word refers to a woman who commits adultery, or by extension, someone who is unfaithful. It can be used literally to describe a person engaged in illicit sexual relations, or figuratively to describe a people or generation that is spiritually unfaithful to God, often likened to a marriage covenant. When used as an adjective, it describes something as adulterous or unfaithful.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΙΣΤΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: Derived from the Greek word μοιχός (moichos), meaning 'adulterer'.
G1934
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-zay-TEH-ee
Translations: he seeks, he searches for, he desires, he demands, he requires
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to,' and the verb ΖΗΤΕΩ (zēteō), meaning 'to seek' or 'to search.' Therefore, ἘΠΙΖΗΤΕΩ means to seek or search for something with intensity, to desire something strongly, or to demand/require something. It implies a focused or persistent search.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑἸΤΕΩ, ἘΚΖΗΤΕΩ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doh-thee-SEH-tai
Translations: it will be given, it shall be given
Notes: This word means 'it will be given' or 'it shall be given'. It is a future passive form of the verb 'to give'. It indicates that something will be received by someone, rather than actively given by the subject.
Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G2495
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-OH-nah
Translations: (of) Jonah, (to) Jonah, Jonah
Notes: This is a proper noun, the name of the prophet Jonah from the Old Testament. It refers to the individual who was swallowed by a great fish. It is used to refer to him in various grammatical cases.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Genitive or Dative or Vocative
Etymology: From Hebrew Yownah (יוֹנָה), meaning 'dove'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: leh-GON-tos
Translations: of saying, of speaking, of telling, of calling, of meaning
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ', meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a genitive participle, it often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of an action, such as 'while saying' or 'when he was speaking'. It can also function adjectivally, modifying a noun in the genitive case, meaning 'of the one saying'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΡΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G3871
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pa-ra-ke-ka-LYM-me-na
Translations: hidden, concealed, veiled
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been hidden' or 'having been concealed'. It describes something that is covered up or kept from view, often implying a state of being obscured or secret. It can be used to describe things that are literally covered, or figuratively, things that are not revealed or understood.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΡΥΜΜΕΝΑ, ΑΦΑΝΗ
Etymology: The word παρακαλύπτω (parakalyptō) is a compound word formed from παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and καλύπτω (kalyptō), meaning 'to cover' or 'to conceal'.
G2258
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HAYN
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes a continuous or ongoing state or action in the past. It can be translated as 'was', 'he was', 'she was', or 'it was', depending on the subject implied by the context. It is often used to set the scene or describe background information in a narrative.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular
G3539
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: noh-EE-sthai
Translations: to be perceived, to be understood, to be thought, to be considered
Notes: This word is a verb indicating the act of being perceived, understood, or thought about. It describes the passive reception of mental activity, where something is grasped by the mind or becomes an object of thought. It can be used in sentences where an idea or concept is being comprehended or considered by someone.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΕΣΘΑΙ, ΣΥΝΙΕΣΘΑΙ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0191
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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun
Sounds like: ah-koo-ON-tone
Translations: of those hearing, of those listening, of those who hear, of those who listen
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to hear' or 'to listen'. It functions as a noun, specifically referring to 'those who are hearing' or 'those who are listening'. It is used to indicate the group of people who are actively engaged in the act of hearing or listening in a given context.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Present, Active
Synonyms: ἈΚΡΟΑΤΩΝ, ἘΝΩΤΙΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G0450
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-STAY-seh-tai
Translations: will rise, will stand up, will be raised, will appear, will come into existence
Notes: This word is a future tense form of the verb 'ἀνίστημι'. It means 'he/she/it will rise' or 'he/she/it will stand up'. It can refer to rising from a seated or lying position, being raised from the dead, or a kingdom or person appearing or coming into existence.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΟΡΘΟΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, again”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand, to set up”).
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-nee-ro-TEH-ran
Translations: more evil, more wicked, more harmful, more bad
Notes: This word is the comparative form of 'ponēros', meaning 'evil' or 'wicked'. As a comparative adjective, it indicates a greater degree of evil, wickedness, or harmfulness. It describes something or someone as being 'more evil' or 'more wicked' than another. In this form, it is used to modify a feminine singular noun in the accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Comparative
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΤΕΡΑΝ, ΦΑΥΛΟΤΕΡΑΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G1074
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: geh-neh-AHN
Translations: generation, age, race, family, a generation, an age
Notes: This word refers to a generation of people, a period of time (an age), or a race/family. It is often used to denote a group of people living at the same time or a lineage. In the provided examples, it is used in phrases like 'into another generation' or 'from generation to generation', indicating a succession of people or periods.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΗΛΙΚΙΑ
G3428
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: moy-KHA-lee-da
Translations: adulteress, an adulteress
Notes: This word refers to a woman who commits adultery. It can be used literally to describe a woman who is unfaithful to her marriage vows. In a broader sense, it can also be used metaphorically to describe a people or generation that is spiritually unfaithful to God, often seen as a betrayal of a covenant relationship.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΡΝΗ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΜΟΙΧΑΛΙΣ (moichalis) is derived from the Greek word μοιχός (moichos), meaning 'adulterer'. It refers specifically to a female who commits adultery.
G3123
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MAHL-lon
Translations: more, rather, much more, especially
Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ
Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G3536
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NIN-eh-wee-TON
Translations: of Ninevites, of the Ninevites
Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of the ancient city of Nineveh. It is used to describe something belonging to or associated with the people from Nineveh.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Etymology: The word is derived from 'Νινευή' (Nineveh), the capital of ancient Assyria, with the suffix '-ίτης' indicating an inhabitant or native of a place.
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-leh-ohs
Translations: (of) a city, (of) the city, city, a city
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city' or 'town'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of a city' or 'of the city'. For example, 'the walls of the city' or 'the people of the city'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΣΤΥ, ΚΩΜΗ
G1213
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DEH-loo
Translations: he was showing, he was making clear, he was declaring, he was revealing
Notes: This word describes an action of making something clear, evident, or known. It is used to indicate that someone was in the process of showing, revealing, or declaring something. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He was showing the truth' or 'It was being made clear to them.'
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ
Etymology: The word ΔΗΛΟΩ comes from the adjective ΔΗΛΟΣ (delos), meaning 'visible, clear, evident'. The verb form means 'to make visible or clear'.
G3748
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee-nes
Translations: whoever, whosoever, those who, which
Notes: ΟΙΤΙΝΕΣ is a compound relative pronoun, formed from the definite article and the indefinite pronoun. It refers to a general or indefinite group of people or things, meaning 'whoever' or 'those who'. It is used to introduce a clause that provides additional information about a preceding noun, often implying a characteristic or quality of the group.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙ, ΤΙΝΕΣ
G2784
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kay-ROO-xahn-tos
Translations: (of) having proclaimed, (of) having preached, (of) having announced, (of) having heralded
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to proclaim' or 'to preach'. It describes an action that has already occurred, indicating someone who has performed the act of proclaiming or preaching. As a genitive case, it often functions to show possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions, typically translated with 'of' or 'from'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΣΑΝΤΟΣ, ΔΙΔΑΞΑΝΤΟΣ
G1620
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-BRAS-thay-nye
Translations: to be cast out, to be thrown out, to be vomited out, to be spewed out
Notes: This word is an infinitive verb, meaning 'to be cast out' or 'to be thrown out'. It is often used to describe something being expelled or ejected with force, such as from the sea or from the mouth. It can also imply being spewed out or vomited.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΞΕΜΕΩ
Etymology: From ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and βράζω (brazō, 'to boil, to cast forth'). The word literally means 'to boil out' or 'to cast out by boiling'.
G2836
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koy-lee-AS
Translations: of the belly, of the womb, of the stomach, of the innermost being
Notes: ΚΟΙΛΙΑΣ is the genitive singular form of the noun ΚΟΙΛΙΑ (koilia). It primarily refers to the physical belly or abdomen. However, it can also metaphorically denote the womb, the stomach, or even the innermost being or heart, representing one's deepest feelings or thoughts. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'from the belly' or 'of the womb'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΑΣΤΗΡ
Etymology: The word ΚΟΙΛΙΑ (koilia) derives from the Greek adjective κοῖλος (koilos), meaning 'hollow' or 'concave', referring to the hollow space of the abdomen.
G0002
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-DROO
Translations: of strong, of stout, of robust, of full-grown, of wealthy, of rich, of prominent, of noble
Notes: This word describes something or someone as strong, stout, robust, or full-grown. It can also refer to someone who is wealthy, rich, prominent, or noble. It is used to describe the qualities or status of individuals or things.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΠΛΟΥΣΙΟΣ, ΕΥΓΕΝΗΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'strong' or 'stout'. It is related to words signifying strength and fullness.
G2486
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ikh-THOO-oss
Translations: of fish, of a fish
Notes: This word refers to a fish. It is the genitive singular form of the noun 'fish', indicating possession or origin, similar to saying 'of a fish' or 'belonging to a fish'. It is often used to describe a part of a fish, such as 'the liver of the fish'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G5140
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TREES
Translations: three
Notes: ΤΡΕΙΣ is the cardinal number 'three'. It is used to denote a quantity of three units. As a declinable numeral, its form changes according to the gender and case of the noun it modifies. This specific form, ΤΡΕΙΣ, is used for masculine and feminine nouns in the nominative and accusative plural cases.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'three'.
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HEM-eh-ras
Translations: day, a day, of day, of a day, days
Notes: The word refers to a day, a period of 24 hours, or the daylight portion of a day. It is a feminine noun and can be used in various grammatical cases to indicate different relationships in a sentence. For example, it can denote a duration of time (e.g., 'three days') or a point in time (e.g., 'on that day').
Inflection: Feminine, Genitive Singular or Accusative Plural
G3828
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: pam-PLEH-thay
Translations: in great numbers, very many, in full force, all together
Notes: This word is an adverb derived from the adjective 'παμπληθής' (pamplethes), meaning 'all-numerous' or 'very many'. As an adverb, it describes an action performed by a large multitude or in great quantity. It indicates that something is done or occurs with a vast number of people or things, or to a very great extent. For example, 'they gathered in great numbers' or 'they were killed in very many'.
Inflection: Adverbial form of the adjective 'παμπληθής'. Does not inflect.
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥ, ΠΑΝΤΩΣ, ΠΛΗΘΕΙ
Etymology: The word 'παμπληθής' (pamplethes) is a compound word formed from 'πᾶν' (pan), meaning 'all' or 'every', and 'πλῆθος' (plethos), meaning 'a great number' or 'multitude'. Thus, it literally means 'all-multitude' or 'full of multitude'.
G0622
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-LOO-n-tai
Translations: they will perish, they will be destroyed, they will be lost, they will die
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ὄλλυμι (ollymi), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to lose'. In the middle or passive voice, it means 'to perish', 'to be destroyed', or 'to be lost'. It describes an action where something or someone ceases to exist or is brought to ruin.
Inflection: Future, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ
G3521
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: nees-TEY-ahn
Translations: fasting, a fast
Notes: This word refers to the act of abstaining from food, often for religious or spiritual reasons. It can be used in contexts describing a period of abstinence or the practice itself.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΗΣΤΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb νηστεύω (nēsteuō), meaning 'to fast', which is derived from νῆστις (nēstis), meaning 'not eating'.
G0574
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AH-ploce
Translations: simply, plainly, absolutely, entirely, without reservation, frankly, completely, altogether
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'simply' or 'plainly'. It can also convey the sense of 'absolutely' or 'entirely', indicating a complete or unqualified manner. It describes an action or state as being straightforward, without complexity, or in a comprehensive way.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΣ, ΟΛΩΣ, ΑΚΡΙΒΩΣ
Etymology: Derived from the adjective ΑΠΛΟΥΣ (haplous), meaning 'simple' or 'single'. The root is related to the concept of being 'unfolded' or 'without folds', hence 'simple' or 'straightforward'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tone
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) everyone, (of) everything, (of) the whole
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for a plural group, signifying 'of all' or 'belonging to all'. It can refer to people, things, or concepts, encompassing a complete set or totality.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2226
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: zoh-OHN
Translations: of living things, of animals, of creatures, of beasts
Notes: This word refers to living beings, creatures, or animals. It is often used in a general sense to describe any animate being, from humans to beasts. In the provided examples, it refers to 'living creatures' or 'animals'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΘΗΡΙΟΝ, ΚΤΗΝΟΣ
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN
Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind
Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G0249
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-LOH-gohn
Translations: of irrational, of unreasoning, of brute, of speechless, of unreasonable
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ἈΛΟΓΟΣ' (alogos). It describes something or someone that is without reason, irrational, or unreasoning. It is often used to refer to animals, implying they lack the capacity for human reason or speech. In a broader sense, it can describe anything that is illogical or absurd. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of those who are irrational' or 'of irrational things/beings'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ἈΝΟΗΤΩΝ, ἈΣΥΝΕΤΩΝ
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sak-ko-fo-REE-as
Translations: (of) sackcloth-wearing, (of) sackcloth-bearing
Notes: This word refers to the act or state of wearing or bearing sackcloth, often as a sign of mourning, repentance, or humility. It is a compound word derived from 'σάκκος' (sackcloth) and 'φορέω' (to carry, wear). It describes someone who is characterized by this practice.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G1618
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ek-te-NOOS
Translations: earnest, fervent, intense, stretched out, of earnestness, of fervency, of intensity
Notes: This word describes something that is stretched out, intense, or earnest. It is used to convey a sense of zealousness, diligence, or unremitting effort. For example, it can describe fervent prayer or intense love.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΠΟΥΔΑΙΟΣ, ΘΕΡΜΟΣ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΟΣ
G3644
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-loh-LYG-moo
Translations: (of) a loud cry, (of) a wailing, (of) a shout, (of) a lamentation
Notes: This word refers to a loud cry, often one of wailing, lamentation, or a shout of joy or sorrow. It describes an emotional outburst expressed vocally, such as a cry of pain, a shout of triumph, or a mournful wail. It is typically used to describe a sound made by a person or a group of people.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΥΓΗ, ΒΟΗ, ΘΡΗΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word "ὈΛΟΛΥΓΜΟΣ" is derived from the verb "ὀλολύζω" (ololýzō), which means to cry aloud, to wail, or to shout. It is an onomatopoeic word, meaning its sound suggests its meaning.
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-ohn
Translations: of hearts, of a heart
Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly, it signifies the inner self, the seat of thoughts, emotions, and will. It is used to describe the core of a person's being, from which all intentions and actions originate.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΨΥΧΩΝ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΩΝ
G0228
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-lay-thee-NEES
Translations: of true, of real, of genuine, of actual, of veritable
Notes: This word describes something as true, real, genuine, or authentic. It is used to emphasize the reality or veracity of a noun it modifies, often contrasting it with something false, counterfeit, or merely symbolic. For example, it might describe 'true light' or 'true worship'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΗΣ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ, ΕΤΥΜΟΣ
G3341
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: meh-tah-NOY-ahs
Translations: of repentance, of a change of mind, of a change of heart
Notes: This word refers to a change of mind, a turning around, or repentance. It signifies a fundamental shift in one's thinking, attitude, or direction, often implying a moral or spiritual transformation. It is frequently used in contexts of turning away from sin and towards God. It is a compound word formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'after' or 'with', and 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΕΙΑ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G0647
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-ta-GAYS
Translations: (of) farewell, (of) renunciation, (of) departure, (of) taking leave
Notes: This word refers to a formal farewell, a taking leave, or a renunciation of something. It implies a decisive separation or a breaking off of a relationship or commitment. It is often used in contexts of saying goodbye or giving up something.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΣΙΣ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb ἀποτάσσω (apotassō), meaning 'to set apart, to bid farewell'. It is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G0093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-dee-KEE-an
Translations: injustice, unrighteousness, wrong, a wrong, (to) injustice, (to) unrighteousness, (to) wrong
Notes: This word refers to the concept of injustice, unrighteousness, or a specific wrong act. It describes a state or action that is contrary to what is right or just, often implying a violation of law or moral principle. It can be used to describe both the abstract concept of injustice and concrete acts of wrongdoing.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek word ἄδικος (adikos, "unjust"), which is formed from ἀ- (a-, "not") and δίκη (dikē, "justice"). Thus, it literally means "not justice" or "lack of justice."
G2784
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-KAY-roox-an
Translations: they proclaimed, they preached, they announced
Notes: This is a verb meaning "they proclaimed," "they preached," or "they announced." It describes the act of making something known publicly or formally, often with authority or a sense of urgency. It is used to describe a group of people performing this action in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ
G4100
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pis-TEV-san-tes
Translations: having believed, having trusted, having put faith in
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to believe' or 'to trust'. It describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subject has performed the act of believing or trusting. It often functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, or as an adverb, describing how an action was performed.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΕΣ, ΕΛΠΙΣΑΝΤΕΣ
G1655
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-leh-AY-mohn
Translations: merciful, compassionate, pitiful
Notes: This adjective describes someone who is full of mercy, compassion, or pity. It is often used to characterize God, highlighting His benevolent nature, but can also refer to individuals who show kindness and forgiveness towards others. It is used to describe a quality of character.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΟἸΚΤΙΡΜΩΝ, ΕΥ̓ΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΟΣ
Etymology: From ἐλεέω (eleeō, "to have mercy"), which comes from ἔλεος (eleos, "mercy"). It describes someone who is characterized by mercy.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-os
Translations: God, a God, Lord
Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.
G5363
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: fee-LAN-throh-poss
Translations: human-loving, philanthropic, benevolent, kind, humane
Notes: This is a compound adjective meaning 'human-loving' or 'benevolent'. It describes someone or something that shows kindness, goodwill, or compassion towards humanity. It can be used to describe a person's character, actions, or even divine attributes, indicating a disposition of care and concern for people.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΟΣ, ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΙΚΟΣ, ΑΓΑΘΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: φίλος (philos), meaning 'loving' or 'dear', and ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos), meaning 'man' or 'human being'. It literally means 'loving mankind'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tas
Translations: all, every, everyone, the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality of something or someone. In this form, it is used for masculine nouns in the accusative plural, meaning 'all (of them)' or 'everyone'. It can also be used substantively to refer to 'all people' or 'everyone'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G3346
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: meh-tah-tee-theh-MEH-noos
Translations: changing, transferring, removing, being changed, being transferred, being removed
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'metatithēmi', meaning to change, transfer, or remove. As a participle, it describes an action or state, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this form, it indicates something or someone who is being changed, transferred, or removed, or who is in the process of changing themselves.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Present, Middle/Passive
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΜΕΤΑΚΙΝΕΩ
G2549
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-KEE-as
Translations: (of) evil, (of) malice, (of) wickedness, (of) depravity, evil, an evil, malice, a malice, wickedness, a wickedness, depravity, a depravity
Notes: This word refers to the inherent badness, wickedness, or depravity of character. It can also denote malice or ill-will towards others. It is often used in contexts describing moral corruption or harmful actions stemming from a bad disposition.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ, ΦΑΥΛΟΤΗΣ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΚΙΑ (kakia) comes from the adjective ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. It refers to the state or quality of being bad.
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ah
Translations: king, a king
Notes: This word refers to a king, monarch, or ruler. It is used to denote the sovereign head of a state or people. In its accusative form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KEE-ness
Translations: of that, of her
Notes: This word is the genitive singular feminine form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ', meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It is used to point to something or someone distant in space or time, or to refer back to something previously mentioned. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or separation, often translated with 'of' or 'from'. When used as an adjective, it modifies a feminine noun in the genitive case. When used as a pronoun, it stands in for a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
G3175
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: meh-giss-TAH-nas
Translations: nobles, magnates, chief men, great men
Notes: This word refers to high-ranking officials, powerful individuals, or leading men in a kingdom or society. It is used to describe those who hold significant authority or influence, often in a political or administrative capacity.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΑΙ, ΠΡΩΤΟΙ
Etymology: From the Greek word μέγας (megas), meaning 'great', combined with a suffix indicating a person of high rank or status. It refers to one who is 'great' or 'most great'.
G3668
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ho-MOY-ohss
Translations: likewise, similarly, in like manner, even so
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'likewise' or 'similarly'. It is used to indicate that something is done in the same way as something else, or that a situation is comparable to one previously mentioned. It can connect clauses or sentences, showing a parallel action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΑΥΤΩΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΩΣ
G4520
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: sak-ko-fo-RAY-san-tas
Translations: having worn sackcloth, having put on sackcloth, wearing sackcloth
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'σάκκος' (sackcloth) and 'φορέω' (to wear or carry). It describes the action of wearing sackcloth, which was often done as a sign of mourning, repentance, or humility in ancient times. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who has performed this action, often in a past sense.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Etymology: The word is a compound of ΣΑΚΚΟΣ (sakkos), meaning 'sackcloth' or 'sack', and ΦΟΡΕΩ (phoreō), meaning 'to carry' or 'to wear'. ΣΑΚΚΟΣ is of Semitic origin, likely from Hebrew שַׂק (saq). ΦΟΡΕΩ is a frequentative form of ΦΕΡΩ (pherō), 'to bear, carry'.
G4357
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-meh-meh-NEE-keh-nai
Translations: to have remained, to have continued, to have persevered, to have waited, to have stayed
Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb προσμένω (prosmenō). It describes an action of remaining, continuing, or persevering that has been completed in the past, with the results of that action still relevant in the present. It can be used to indicate a state of having waited or stayed somewhere, or having continued in a particular condition or relationship.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ
G3521
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: nees-TEH-yah
Translations: fasting, a fast, abstinence
Notes: This word refers to the act of abstaining from food, often for religious or spiritual reasons. It is commonly used in contexts of spiritual discipline, repentance, or preparation for prayer. It can also refer to a specific period of time during which one fasts.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΙΤΙΑ, ΑΣΙΤΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb νηστεύω (nēsteuō, "to fast"), which comes from νῆστις (nēstis, "not eating").
G2412
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-keh-SEE-ah
Translations: supplication, entreaty, prayer, a supplication, an entreaty, a prayer
Notes: This word refers to an earnest and humble request or plea, often made to a deity or a person in authority. It implies a deep sense of need and dependence on the one being addressed. It is typically used in contexts of prayer or urgent appeals for help or mercy.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΗ, ΕΝΤΕΥΞΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb ἱκετεύω (hiketeuō), meaning "to supplicate" or "to entreat," which is related to ἵκτης (hiktēs), meaning "suppliant."
G2013
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-too-KHEIN
Translations: to obtain, to attain, to succeed, to achieve, to hit upon, to find
Notes: This word means to hit upon, to obtain, to attain, or to succeed in something. It implies reaching a desired outcome or finding something sought after. It is often used with a genitive case to indicate what is being obtained or achieved.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen', 'to meet with', or 'to obtain by chance'. Thus, it literally means 'to happen upon' or 'to meet with' something, leading to the sense of obtaining or succeeding.
G2690
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-strah-fay-NAI
Translations: to be overthrown, to be destroyed, to be ruined
Notes: This word describes the act of being completely overturned, ruined, or destroyed. It is often used in a passive sense, indicating that something or someone is subjected to destruction or overthrow. It implies a complete and utter devastation, often referring to cities, nations, or structures.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ is a compound verb formed from the prefix ΚΑΤΑ- (KATA-), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (STREPHO), meaning 'to turn'. Thus, it literally means 'to turn down' or 'to overturn completely'.
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-lin
Translations: city, a city
Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G0415
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: ah-nee-oh-MEH-noo
Translations: grieved, distressed, troubled, annoyed, vexed, saddened
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀνιάω', meaning 'to grieve' or 'to distress'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is in a state of being grieved, distressed, or troubled. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the manner of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΛΥΠΟΥΜΕΝΟΥ, ΣΤΕΝΑΖΟΝΤΟΣ, ΘΛΙΒΟΜΕΝΟΥ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G2784
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-EE-roox-eh
Translations: he preached, he proclaimed, he announced
Notes: This word means 'he preached,' 'he proclaimed,' or 'he announced.' It describes an action of public declaration or proclamation, often with authority or a message. It is used to indicate that someone delivered a message or made something known publicly in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ
Etymology: The word ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ comes from κῆρυξ (kēryx), meaning 'herald' or 'messenger.' It refers to the act of a herald making a public proclamation.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3622
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-koh-noh-MEE-as
Translations: of stewardship, of administration, of management, of a household, of a dispensation, of a plan, of an arrangement
Notes: This word refers to the management of a household or affairs, often implying a system, plan, or administration. It can also denote a divine arrangement or dispensation, a stewardship, or the responsibility of managing something. It is a compound word derived from 'οἶκος' (oikos, house) and 'νόμος' (nomos, law/custom), literally meaning 'house-law' or 'house-management'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΚΟΝΙΑ, ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ, ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYS
Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region
Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').
G0393
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-TEH-lay
Translations: to rise, to spring up, to appear, to dawn
Notes: This verb means to rise, typically referring to the sun, stars, or light. It can also mean to spring up, as plants do, or to appear. It describes the action of something emerging or coming into view, often from below the horizon or from the ground.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΦΑΙΝΩ
G2859
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kee-KOO-ohn-ah
Translations: gourd, a gourd
Notes: This word refers to a gourd, specifically a plant of the gourd family, such as a cucumber or melon, or its fruit. It is used in the context of vegetation, often describing a plant that provides shade or grows rapidly.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: OOF
Translations: under, by, with, from, at the hand of, by means of, through
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by'. The final vowel of 'ΥΠΟ' is dropped when the following word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. It indicates a position beneath something, or agency (by means of someone/something), or cause. It can also denote the instrument or agent by which something is done. It is a very common preposition in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect; governs the genitive and accusative cases.
Etymology: The word 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under'. It is related to English words like 'hypodermic' and 'hypothermia'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON
Translations: being, existing, a being, that which is
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. As a neuter singular form, it often refers to 'that which is' or 'a being', and can function as a noun.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
G2521
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ka-THEH-zo-meh-nos
Translations: sitting, a sitting one, one who sits, being seated, remaining, dwelling
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'καθέζομαι', meaning 'to sit down' or 'to be seated'. It describes someone who is in the act of sitting or is in a seated position. It can also imply dwelling or remaining in a place. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the one who is sitting'.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΘΙΖΩ
G4637
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: es-kee-AH-zeh-toh
Translations: he was overshadowed, it was overshadowed, he was shaded, it was shaded
Notes: This word means 'to overshadow' or 'to cast a shadow upon'. In the passive voice, as seen here, it means 'to be overshadowed' or 'to be shaded'. It describes something being covered or protected by a shadow, or metaphorically, being influenced or covered by a divine presence.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ, ΣΚΟΤΙΖΩ
G2740
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KAV-mah-tos
Translations: of heat, of burning heat, of a burning, of a fever
Notes: This word refers to intense heat, a burning sensation, or the scorching effect of the sun. It can also denote a fever or the result of a fire. It is often used in contexts describing harsh environmental conditions or the destructive power of heat.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΥΡΩΣΕΩΣ, ΘΕΡΜΟΤΗΤΟΣ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G2849
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kee-KOO-ohn
Translations: gourd, a gourd, castor oil plant
Notes: This word refers to a gourd or a castor oil plant, a fast-growing plant known for providing shade. In biblical contexts, it is notably mentioned in the book of Jonah, where God causes a plant (often translated as a gourd or castor oil plant) to grow to provide shade for Jonah.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The etymology of ΚΙΚΥΩΝ is uncertain, but it is thought to be a loanword from a Semitic language, possibly related to the Hebrew word קִיקָיוֹן (qīqāyōn) which also refers to a gourd or castor oil plant.
G0160
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ahee-FNEE-dee-os
Translations: sudden, unexpected, unforeseen, a sudden, an unexpected
Notes: This word describes something that happens suddenly or unexpectedly, without prior warning or anticipation. It is used to characterize events, occurrences, or changes that come about abruptly. For example, one might speak of a 'sudden fear' or an 'unexpected attack'.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΗΤΟΣ, ΑΦΝΩ
Etymology: The word Αἰφνίδιος (aiphnidios) is derived from the adverb αἶφνης (aiphnes), meaning 'suddenly' or 'at once'.
G3383
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: MAY-teh
Translations: neither, nor
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to connect two or more negative clauses or phrases. It often appears in a series, meaning 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It emphasizes the exclusion of all listed possibilities.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ, ΟΥΤΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle ΜΗ (mē) and the enclitic particle ΤΕ (te), which means 'and'. It is used to connect negative clauses.
G5452
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: foo-TEV-san-tos
Translations: of having planted, of one who planted, of planting
Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine/neuter aorist active participle of the verb 'φυτεύω' (phyteuō), meaning 'to plant'. It describes the action of someone who has performed the act of planting, often translated as 'of one who planted' or 'of having planted'. It functions like an adjective or noun in the genitive case, indicating possession, origin, or relationship.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Active, Participle
G4222
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: poh-tee-SAN-tos
Translations: of having given drink, of one who gave drink, of having watered, of one who watered
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to give drink' or 'to water'. It describes someone who has performed the action of giving drink or watering. As a genitive participle, it often functions to modify a noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, or it can be used substantively as 'of the one who gave drink'.
Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist Active Participle
Synonyms: ΥΔΡΕΥΣΑΝΤΟΣ, ΠΟΤΙΣΤΟΥ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΤΙΖΩ' (potizō) comes from 'πότος' (potos), meaning 'a drink' or 'drinking'.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G1810
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eks-AIF-nees
Translations: suddenly, unexpectedly, at once
Notes: This word is an adverb that describes an action or event happening without warning or preparation. It indicates an abrupt and unforeseen occurrence, similar to how one might say 'all of a sudden' in English. It is used to emphasize the suddenness of something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑἸΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ, ἈΦΝΩ
Etymology: The word ἘΞΑΙΦΝΗΣ is an adverb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and the noun αἴφνης (aiphnes, 'suddenness'), which itself is related to ἄφνω (aphno, 'suddenly'). It conveys the sense of something emerging 'out of suddenness'.
G1816
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: eh-pah-nah-TEH-las
Translations: having risen, having sprung up, having appeared, having dawned
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having risen' or 'having sprung up'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, often indicating the beginning of something, like the rising of the sun or the sprouting of a plant. It can also refer to something appearing or dawning.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΤΕΙΛΑΣ, ἈΝΑΤΕΛΛΩΝ, ἘΚΦΥΣΑΝΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἐπανατέλλω is a compound verb formed from ἐπί (epi, 'upon, over'), ἀνά (ana, 'up, again'), and τέλλω (tellō, 'to accomplish, rise'). It literally means 'to rise up again upon' or 'to cause to rise upon'.
G4639
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: skee-AHN
Translations: shadow, a shadow
Notes: This word refers to a shadow, which is an area of darkness created when light is blocked by an object. It can also refer to shade, a place protected from the sun. In a broader sense, it can denote something unsubstantial or fleeting, like a mere outline or a faint resemblance. It is used in sentences to describe the physical phenomenon of a shadow or to metaphorically represent something insubstantial.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
G3930
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-EKH-ayn
Translations: to provide, to offer, to give, to present, to cause, to afford, to supply
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para, meaning 'beside' or 'from') and the verb ἔχω (echō, meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'). It means to offer, provide, or supply something, often from oneself or from one's side. It can also mean to cause or afford something. It is used in contexts where one person or entity gives or presents something to another.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ, ΠΑΡΑΣΧΩ
Etymology: The word παρέχω (parechō) is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.
G2532, G1537
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: KAHK
Translations: and out of, and from
Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai, meaning 'and, also, even') and the preposition ἘΚ (ek, meaning 'out of, from'). It is used to combine the meaning of 'and' with the sense of origin or separation, indicating 'and out of' or 'and from'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'and from there he went'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (formed by crasis of two uninflected words)
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-lays
Translations: (of) other, (of) another
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to something different from what has already been mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it indicates possession or relation, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. It can be used to modify a feminine singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
G3583
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: xee-RAH-nai
Translations: to dry up, to wither, to make dry, to become dry
Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive of the verb 'ξηραίνω' (xērainō), meaning 'to dry up' or 'to wither'. It describes the action of something becoming dry or causing something else to become dry. It can be used in contexts referring to plants withering, water sources drying up, or even a part of the body becoming shriveled.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΥΑΙΝΩ, ΞΗΡΑΙΝΩ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: EHF
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by
Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.
Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G5599, G3739
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Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)
Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever
Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)
Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.
G3076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-LOO-peh-toh
Translations: was grieved, was distressed, was sorrowful, was sad
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to grieve', 'to distress', or 'to cause sorrow'. In this form, it indicates an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, specifically that someone 'was being grieved' or 'was feeling sorrow'. It is often used to describe an emotional state of sadness or distress.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ἈΝΙΑΩ, ΣΤΕΝΑΖΩ, ΠΕΝΘΕΩ
G2495
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-NAS
Translations: Jonah
Notes: This is the Greek form of the Hebrew name Jonah, a prominent prophet in the Old Testament. It refers to the individual person and is used as a subject in sentences, such as 'Jonah went to Joppa'.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative
Etymology: From Hebrew יוֹנָה (Yonah), meaning 'dove'. It is the name of a biblical prophet.
G1651
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-leng-xen
Translations: he convicted, he rebuked, he exposed, he reproved, he corrected, he showed, he proved
Notes: This word describes the act of bringing something to light, often with the implication of conviction, rebuke, or exposure. It can mean to prove someone wrong, to correct them, or to show them their fault. It is used in sentences where one person confronts another about their actions or beliefs, leading to a demonstration of truth or error.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΕΛΕΓΜΟΣ, ΕΠΙΠΛΗΤΤΩ
G1346
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: dee-KAH-ee-ohss
Translations: righteously, justly, rightly
Notes: This word describes an action or state that is in accordance with what is right, just, or fair. It indicates that something is done in a righteous or equitable manner, often implying moral correctness or adherence to divine law. It can be used to describe how someone acts or how something is judged.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΡΘΩΣ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
G0002
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ah-thoo-MOON-tah
Translations: disheartened, discouraged, faint-hearted, losing heart, being disheartened
Notes: This word describes someone who is disheartened, discouraged, or has lost courage. It is often used to describe a state of mind where one feels a lack of spirit or hope. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, or can act adverbially, describing the manner of an action.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΨΥΧΩ
Etymology: From ἀ- (a-, a negative prefix meaning 'not') and θυμός (thymos, meaning 'spirit' or 'courage'). Thus, it literally means 'without spirit' or 'without courage'.
G2692
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tes-TRAF-thai
Translations: to have been overthrown, to have been destroyed, to have been ruined
Notes: This word is the perfect passive infinitive form of the verb καταστρέφω (katastrephō), meaning 'to overthrow' or 'to destroy'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, indicating the action of having been overthrown or destroyed. It describes a completed action that was done to the subject, rather than by the subject.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΕΞΟΛΟΘΡΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word καταστρέφω (katastrephō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb στρέφω (strephō), meaning 'to turn' or 'to twist'. Thus, it literally means 'to turn down' or 'to turn over', leading to the sense of overthrowing or destroying.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GOHN
Translations: saying, speaking, telling
Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ
Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun meaning 'you' (singular). It is used when addressing a single person directly, typically as the subject of a sentence. It can also be used emphatically to highlight the person being addressed.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Second Person
Etymology: The word 'ΣΥ' is an ancient Greek pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been consistently used throughout various stages of the Greek language to refer to the second person singular.
G5339
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-FEI-soh
Translations: you spared, you did spare, you had mercy on, you did have mercy on, you refrained from, you did refrain from
Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'you spared' or 'you had mercy on'. It describes the act of holding back from harming, punishing, or using something, often implying compassion or carefulness. It is used in past tense contexts to indicate that someone showed restraint or mercy.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΛΕΕΩ, ΟΙΚΤΕΙΡΩ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G2849
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kee-KOO-ohn-os
Translations: of a gourd, of the gourd, of a castor oil plant, of the castor oil plant
Notes: This word refers to a gourd or a castor oil plant. It is used to describe the plant itself or its fruit. In this genitive form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of a gourd' or 'of the castor oil plant'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G2872
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-koh-PEE-ah-sas
Translations: you toiled, you labored, you worked hard, you grew weary, you became tired
Notes: This word describes the act of toiling or laboring with great effort, often to the point of exhaustion or weariness. It implies strenuous work that can lead to fatigue. It is used to describe someone who has put in significant physical or mental exertion.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΜΟΧΘΕΩ, ΚΑΜΝΩ, ΠΟΝΕΩ
G3777
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: OO-teh
Translations: neither, nor, and not
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to connect two or more negative clauses or phrases. It often appears in a correlative construction, meaning 'neither... nor'. For example, 'neither this nor that'. It emphasizes the complete absence or negation of all listed items.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the enclitic conjunction τέ (te, 'and'). It literally means 'and not'.
G1625
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-ETH-rep-sas
Translations: you nourished, you brought up, you reared, you educated
Notes: This is a verb meaning "to nourish completely," "to bring up," or "to rear." It implies a thorough and sustained act of providing sustenance and care, often in the context of raising children or cultivating plants. The prefix "ex-" emphasizes the completeness or the act of bringing something to maturity.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΤΡΕΦΩ, ΘΡΕΦΩ
G3739
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction
Sounds like: HOS
Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when
Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.
G3571
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOOK-tah
Translations: night, a night, by night, during the night
Notes: This word refers to the period of darkness between sunset and sunrise. As an accusative form, it often indicates the duration of an action or the time when something occurs, meaning 'during the night' or 'by night'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EEL-theh
Translations: he came, she came, it came
Notes: This word is a past tense form of the verb 'to come'. It describes an action of coming or arriving that happened in the past and is now completed. It is used when referring to a single person or thing that came.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΗΚΩ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G0622
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-POH-leh-toh
Translations: perished, was destroyed, was lost, was ruined
Notes: This is a verb form meaning "he/she/it perished," "was destroyed," or "was lost." It describes something ceasing to exist, being ruined, or becoming irretrievable. It is often used in a passive or middle sense, indicating that the subject underwent the action of perishing or being destroyed.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ
G2532, G1473
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun
Sounds like: kah-GOH
Translations: and I, but I, I also, I too
Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the conjunction "καὶ" (kai, meaning "and" or "but") and the first-person singular pronoun "ἐγώ" (egō, meaning "I"). It therefore means "and I" or "but I," often emphasizing the "I" or indicating that the speaker is also included in an action or statement. It functions as a subject pronoun.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
G5339
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: fay-SOH-my
Translations: I will spare, I will show mercy, I will refrain
Notes: This verb means to spare someone or something, to show mercy, or to refrain from doing something. It implies holding back from harming or punishing, or exercising caution and restraint. It is often used in contexts where one has the power to inflict harm but chooses not to.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future Tense, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΕΛΕΕΩ, ΟΙΚΤΕΙΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΕΙΔΟΜΑΙ comes from an older Greek root, possibly related to the idea of 'thrift' or 'sparing use'. It is connected to the concept of being careful or economical with something, which extends to sparing or showing mercy.
G5228
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-PER
Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than
Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.
G3536
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: NIN-eh-wee
Translations: Nineveh
Notes: Nineveh was an ancient Assyrian city, the capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. It was located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River, and is well-known from biblical accounts, particularly the Book of Jonah.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The name 'Nineveh' is of Semitic origin, derived from the Akkadian 'Ninua' or 'Ninâ'.
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-gah-lays
Translations: (of) great, (of) large, (of) mighty, (of) powerful
Notes: This word describes something that is large in size, great in importance, or intense in degree. It is used to modify feminine nouns in the genitive case, indicating possession, origin, or relationship.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G2730
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-toy-KOO-see
Translations: they dwell, they inhabit, they live, they reside
Notes: This word means to dwell, inhabit, or reside in a place. It describes the act of living in a particular location, whether permanently or for an extended period. It is often used to indicate where people or groups of people make their home.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΕΝΟΙΚΕΩ, ΠΑΡΟΙΚΕΩ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLEY-OOS
Translations: more, many, numerous, a greater number
Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'much' or 'many'. It is used to indicate a greater quantity or number of something, often translated as 'more' or 'more numerous'. It can be used with a genitive case to mean 'more than' or followed by 'η' (than) to express comparison.
Inflection: Comparative, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΟΝΑ, ΠΟΛΛΟΙ
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G1427
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DOH-deh-kah
Translations: twelve
Notes: This word means 'twelve'. It is a cardinal number used to specify a quantity of twelve units or items. It is often used in contexts referring to groups of twelve, such as the twelve tribes of Israel or the twelve apostles.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From the combination of the Greek words for 'two' (δύο) and 'ten' (δέκα).
G3461
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: my-ri-A-des
Translations: ten thousands, myriads, countless thousands
Notes: This word refers to a very large, indefinite number, specifically ten thousand. In its plural form, it can mean 'ten thousands' or 'myriads,' often used to denote an innumerable or countless quantity. It is used to describe a vast multitude of people or things.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: an-DROHN
Translations: of men
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'ΑΝΗΡ' (anēr), which means 'man' or 'husband'. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of men' or 'belonging to men'. It is used to refer to adult males collectively.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ, ΒΡΟΤΩΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'man'.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eg-NOH-san
Translations: they knew, they understood, they recognized, they learned, they perceived
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It describes a past action where a group of people gained knowledge, understanding, or recognition. It signifies a completed act of knowing or perceiving.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ἘΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ
G0303
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Prefix
Sounds like: ah-NAH
Translations: up, upward, again, back, each, per, through, among, by, on, upon
Notes: ἈΝΑ is a versatile Koine Greek word that can function as a preposition, an adverb, or a prefix in compound words. As a preposition, it typically takes the accusative case and signifies movement 'up' or 'upward', or distribution 'each' or 'per'. As an adverb, it can mean 'up' or 'upward'. When used as a prefix, it often conveys meanings such as 'up', 'back', 'again', or 're-'. For example, in 'ἈΝΑΣΤΗΘΙ' (anastethi), it means 'stand up' or 'rise up'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'on, upon, up'.
G3319
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: MEH-son
Translations: middle, midst, between, among, a middle, the middle
Notes: This word refers to the middle point, space, or time. It is often used in phrases with prepositions like "ana" (ἀνά) or "en" (ἐν) to indicate being "in the midst of," "between," or "among" things or people.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΕΝΤΟΣ
G1188
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: de-ksee-AS
Translations: (of) the right, (of) the right hand, (of) the right side, (of) a pledge, (of) an agreement
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'δεξιός' (dexios), meaning 'right' (as opposed to left), or the noun 'δεξιά' (dexia), meaning 'right hand' or 'right side'. It can also refer to a pledge or agreement, often symbolized by the giving of the right hand. In the provided examples, it appears to be used in the sense of 'right hand' or 'right side' (as in 'cup of the right hand of the Lord') and also in the sense of 'pledges' or 'agreements' (as in 'giving pledges').
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΞΙΑ, ΔΕΞΙΟΝ
G0710
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-ris-teh-RAS
Translations: of the left, left, a left
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'left' or 'on the left side'. It is used to describe something that is located on or pertains to the left side, often in contrast to the right side. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to the left hand or left side.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΩΝΥΜΟΣ
G2934
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KTEE-nay
Translations: beasts, animals, cattle, livestock
Notes: This word refers to animals, particularly domesticated ones, often those used for work, food, or as property. It is used to describe a group of such creatures, as seen in contexts where people and animals are mentioned together.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΖΩΑ, ΘΗΡΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb κτάομαι (ktaomai), meaning 'to acquire' or 'to possess', referring to animals as property or possessions.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: POL-lah
Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things
Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
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