2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G0040

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AH-gee-on

Translations: holy, sacred, a holy thing, a sacred thing, set apart

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'holy,' 'sacred,' or 'set apart.' It describes something that is consecrated to God, pure, or morally blameless. It can refer to places, objects, or people that are dedicated to divine service or possess a divine quality. In its neuter form, it can also refer to a 'holy thing' or 'sacred place.'

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Singular; Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΙΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to venerate' or 'to dread'. It refers to that which inspires awe and reverence, particularly in a religious context.

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah

Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath

Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4238

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PRAH-tes-thai

Translations: to be done, to be performed, to be accomplished, to be practiced

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to do, perform, accomplish, or practice. The form ΠΡΑΤΤΕΣΘΑΙ is a present middle or passive infinitive, indicating an action that is being done to oneself (middle voice) or being done by someone else (passive voice). It can refer to carrying out actions, engaging in activities, or bringing something to completion.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΑΤΤΩ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to pass through, to accomplish'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G5179

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TY-poss

Translations: type, pattern, example, form, image, model, figure, impression, a type, a pattern

Notes: This word refers to a mark, impression, or stamp, often made by a blow or pressure. It can denote the form or shape of something, a model, a pattern to be imitated, or an example to be followed. In a broader sense, it can also refer to a prefiguring or foreshadowing of something to come.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ, ΕΙΚΩΝ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb τύπτω (typtō), meaning 'to strike, beat, or hit'. The noun thus refers to the result of striking, such as an impression or a mark.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3195

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: MEL-lon-tos

Translations: of (one) about to, of (one) going to, of the future, of (one) intending

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the present participle of the verb 'μέλλω'. It signifies something that is 'about to happen', 'going to be', or 'intended'. It often describes a future event or state, or a person/thing that is on the verge of doing something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who is about to').

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ἘΣΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΜΕΛΛΟΝΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ghee-NES-thai

Translations: to become, to happen, to be, to come into being, to be born, to arise, to come to pass

Notes: This verb is very common in Koine Greek and has a broad range of meanings, primarily related to something coming into existence, happening, or changing state. It can describe a process of becoming, an event taking place, or a person being born. It is often used impersonally to mean 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generate' in English.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G5350

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EF-theng-KSAH-toh

Translations: spoke, uttered, declared, proclaimed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to utter a sound, to speak, or to declare'. It implies a clear and distinct utterance, often with a sense of authority or importance. It is used to describe someone who has spoken or made a declaration.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΙΠΕΝ, ΦΩΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word φθέγγομαι (phthengomai) comes from an ancient Indo-European root meaning 'to sound, to speak'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of making a sound or uttering a voice.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G3195

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: MEL-lon-TON

Translations: (of) those about to, (of) future (things/people), (of) those going to, (of) those intending to

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'μέλλω' (mellō), which means 'to be about to', 'to intend to', or 'to be destined to'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is on the verge of doing something or that pertains to the future. It often indicates an imminent action or a future state.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΩΝ, ΜΕΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΜΕΛΛΟΥΣΩΝ

G5350

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: FTHENG-goh-MEH-non

Translations: speaking, uttering, proclaiming, sounding, a speaking one, an uttering one

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to utter' or 'to speak'. It describes something or someone that is in the act of speaking, uttering sounds, or proclaiming a message. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the manner of an action.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΝ, ΛΕΓΟΝ, ΦΩΝΟΥΝ

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ghee-no-MEH-non

Translations: of things happening, of events, of things being done, of things occurring, of those coming into being

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), which means 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into being,' or 'to be done.' In this form, it describes things that are currently happening or coming into existence. As a genitive plural, it often refers to 'of the things that are happening' or 'of the events.' It can be used to describe ongoing processes or occurrences.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Genitive, Plural, Masculine/Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΩΝ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'γίνομαι' (ginomai) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey ideas of generation, birth, or becoming.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ge-ge-nee-MEH-non

Translations: of those who have become, of those who have been born, of those who have happened, of those who have come into being

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to be born,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into being.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already been completed. In this form, it refers to 'those who have become' or 'those who have been born/happened,' often implying a state of being or an event that has taken place.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΩΝ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G5078

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEKH-neen

Translations: art, a skill, skill, a craft, craft, a trade, trade

Notes: This word refers to an art, skill, craft, or trade. It denotes a practical ability or knowledge, often involving a specific technique or profession. It can be used to describe the expertise required for a particular occupation or the product of such skill.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΗ, ΣΟΦΙΑ, ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *teks- meaning 'to weave, to fabricate, to make'. It is related to words like 'textile' and 'technical'.

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G1793

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: en-TOONG-kha-non-tes

Translations: interceding, appealing, entreating, meeting, encountering, falling in with

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'those who are interceding' or 'those who are appealing'. It describes an ongoing action of meeting with someone, often with the purpose of making an appeal or intercession on behalf of another. It can also simply mean to meet or encounter someone.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and ΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen upon', 'to obtain', or 'to meet'. Thus, it literally means 'to happen upon in' or 'to meet with'.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G3877

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-ko-loo-THEE-say

Translations: to follow closely, to investigate, to examine, to understand, to trace, to ascertain, to attend, to accompany

Notes: This word means to follow closely, to investigate, or to understand something thoroughly. It implies a careful and diligent examination or tracing of facts or events. It can also mean to attend to or accompany someone. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (beside, along) and 'ἀκολουθέω' (to follow).

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΞΕΤΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G4396

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-fay-TON

Translations: of prophets

Notes: This word refers to those who speak for God or interpret His will, often foretelling future events. It is a compound word, combining 'pro' (before, forth) and 'phemi' (to speak). It is used to describe individuals who deliver divine messages or act as spokespersons for God.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΙΣ, ΘΕΟΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ' (prophetes) comes from the Greek prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'one who speaks forth' or 'one who speaks before' (either in time or on behalf of someone).

G1163

Part of Speech: Impersonal Verb

Sounds like: DEH-ee

Translations: it is necessary, one must, it is proper, it behooves

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'one must'. It expresses a strong sense of obligation, necessity, or inevitability. It is often used with an infinitive to indicate what must be done or what is destined to happen.

Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (to shine, to gleam), which developed into the sense of 'to be visible, to appear', and then 'to be proper, to be necessary'.

G5485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rin

Translations: grace, favor, kindness, thanks, a grace, a favor, a kindness, a thanks

Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, or kindness, often implying a divine or unmerited gift. It can also mean thanks or gratitude. In its accusative form, as seen in ΧΑΡΙΝ, it often functions as the direct object of a verb, such as 'to find favor' or 'to give thanks'. It can also be used in adverbial phrases meaning 'for the sake of' or 'on account of'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΡΙΣ (charis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to like'. It is related to words signifying joy, delight, and goodwill.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nas

Translations: who, what, some, any, some people, any people, some things, any things

Notes: ΤΙΝΑΣ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. It serves as both an interrogative (asking 'who?' or 'what?') and an indefinite (meaning 'someone,' 'something,' 'some,' or 'any'). In this form, it is the masculine or feminine, plural, accusative case. It can be used to ask about the identity of multiple people or things, or to refer to an unspecified group of people or things.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-POYM

Translations: I might say, I would say, I could say

Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'I might say' or 'I would say'. It expresses a potential or hypothetical action of speaking or telling. It is often used in contexts where someone is considering or proposing something they might say.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Optative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΟΙΜΙ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΠΩ (eipo) is a root form used as the aorist stem of the verbs ἘΡΩ (erō, 'to say') and ΛΕΓΩ (legō, 'to say'). It comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOH-meh-noh

Translations: being said, being spoken, being called, being named, what is said, what is spoken, what is called, what is named, to what is said, to what is spoken, to what is called, to what is named

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing and being done to the subject. In this form, it means 'being said' or 'being spoken'. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, often referring to 'that which is said' or 'the things being said'. Its dative case indicates it is the indirect object of an action, or it could be used with prepositions that take the dative.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΩ, ΦΡΑΖΟΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'λέγω' (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather', which evolved to mean 'to pick out, count, tell, say'.

G3752

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-tan

Translations: when, whenever, as often as, at the time that

Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a temporal clause, indicating a point in time or a condition. It means 'when' or 'whenever,' suggesting that something happens at a specific moment or repeatedly under certain circumstances. It is often followed by the subjunctive mood in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΤΕ, ΗΝΙΚΑ

Etymology: From the conjunction ὅτε (hote, 'when') and the particle ἄν (an, indicating potential or contingency).

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G4263

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-BAH-ton

Translations: sheep, a sheep

Notes: This word refers to a sheep, a common domesticated animal. In ancient contexts, sheep were vital for food, wool, and sacrifice. The word is often used literally, but can also be used metaphorically to refer to people, particularly in religious texts, symbolizing followers or a flock.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word προβατον (probáton) comes from the Greek verb προβαίνω (probaínō), meaning 'to go forward' or 'to advance'. It originally referred to any four-footed animal that walks forward, but eventually became specifically associated with sheep.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G4967

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SPHAH-gayn

Translations: slaughter, a slaughter, killing, a killing, sacrifice, a sacrifice

Notes: This word is the accusative singular form of the Greek noun ΣΦΑΓΗ. It refers to the act of slaughter, killing, or sacrifice, often implying a violent or ritualistic death. It is used when the noun is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb σφάζω (sphazō), meaning 'to slay, slaughter, butcher'.

G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEKH-thay

Translations: was led, was brought, was carried out, was celebrated

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'ἄγω' (agō). It means 'was led' or 'was brought'. In a broader sense, it can also mean 'was carried out' or 'was celebrated', especially when referring to events or festivals. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject received the action rather than performing it.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΝΑΓΩ, ΕΚΦΕΡΩ

G1727

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee-on

Translations: opposite, contrary, hostile, in the presence of, before, against, an opposite thing

Notes: This word can function as an adjective, an adverb, or a preposition. As an adjective, it describes something as being opposite or contrary. As an adverb, it means 'opposite' or 'over against'. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case and means 'in the presence of', 'before', or 'against'. It denotes a position or action in opposition to or in front of something or someone.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΝ (in) and ἈΝΤΙΟΣ (opposite, facing).

G2751

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: KEE-ran-tos

Translations: of the one who shears, of the shearer, of the one who cuts, of the one who shaves

Notes: This word is a genitive singular masculine or neuter participle derived from the verb 'κεῖρω' (keirō), meaning 'to shear' or 'to cut'. It refers to the action of someone who is shearing or cutting, often in the context of sheep being shorn. It functions like an adjective, describing the one performing the action.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΕΙΡΩ, ΞΥΡΩ

Etymology: The verb κεῖρω (keirō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ker- meaning 'to cut'.

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G3804

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-THOOS

Translations: (of) suffering, (of) passion, (of) feeling, (of) emotion, (of) experience, (of) calamity

Notes: This word refers to a state of suffering, an intense emotion, or a strong feeling. It can also denote an experience or a calamity. It is often used in contexts describing physical or emotional pain, or strong desires and affections. In a sentence, it would typically follow a preposition or another noun that indicates possession or relation, such as 'the intensity of suffering' or 'the nature of passion'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΛΓΟΣ, ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΙΑ, ΠΟΝΟΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-noo

Translations: having become, having come to pass, of having become, of having come to pass

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a genitive singular participle, it often indicates a causal or temporal relationship, meaning 'of one who has become' or 'when something has happened.' It describes an action that has already taken place and is often used to modify a noun in the genitive case.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1600

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-eh-peh-TAH-sah

Translations: I spread out, I unfolded, I stretched out, I extended

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (out of, from) and the verb 'πετάννυμι' (to spread, to open). It means to spread out, unfold, or stretch out something, often with the implication of extending it fully or widely. It can be used for spreading out objects like books or curtains, or for extending one's hands or wings.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΙΓΩ, ΔΙΑΠΕΤΑΝΝΥΜΙ, ΕΚΤΕΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἐκπετάννυμι is formed from the prefix ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out' or 'from', and the verb πετάννυμι (petannymi), meaning 'to spread' or 'to open'. The root of πετάννυμι is related to the idea of spreading or expanding.

G0543

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-pay-THOO-nah

Translations: disobedient, unbelieving, rebellious, unpersuaded, those who disobey, those who are disobedient

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἀπειθέω' (apeitheō), meaning 'to disobey' or 'to be disobedient'. It describes someone who is actively in a state of disobedience or unbelief. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, referring to 'those who are disobedient' or 'the disobedient ones'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΠΙΣΤΟΣ, ἈΝΥΠΟΤΑΚΤΟΣ

G0483

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: an-tee-LEH-gon-tah

Translations: contradicting, gainsaying, speaking against, resisting, those who contradict, those who gainsay

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἀντιλέγω' (antilegō), meaning 'to speak against' or 'to contradict'. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the act of contradicting or gainsaying. It can be used to describe people who are disobedient or rebellious.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΠΕΙΘΟΥΝΤΑ, ἈΝΘΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ἀντιλέγω (antilegō) is a compound of ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and λέγω (legō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. It has been in use since ancient Greek times, signifying opposition in speech.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G0189

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-KO-ay

Translations: hearing, a hearing, report, a report, fame, a fame, rumor, a rumor, (of) hearing, (to) hearing

Notes: This word refers to the faculty of hearing, the act of hearing, or what is heard, such as a report, rumor, or news. It can also refer to the message or teaching that is heard. For example, one might speak of 'the hearing of faith' or 'a report of what happened'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΣΜΑ, ΦΗΜΗ, ΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἀκούω (akouō), meaning 'to hear'.

G1804

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eks-ang-geh-LEE-an

Translations: proclamation, declaration, announcement, a proclamation, a declaration, an announcement

Notes: This word refers to a proclamation, declaration, or announcement. It implies making something known publicly or widely, often with a sense of reporting or revealing. It is used to describe the act of declaring or publishing information.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΓΜΑ, ΑΓΓΕΛΙΑ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΞΑΓΓΕΛΙΑ (exangelia) is derived from the verb ἐξαγγέλλω (exangellō), meaning 'to proclaim, declare, or announce'. This verb is formed from the prefix ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and ἀγγέλλω (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'.

G4591

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: say-MAH-ee-non-tes

Translations: signifying, indicating, showing, making known, announcing, explaining, giving a sign

Notes: This word describes the act of giving a sign, indicating something, or making something known. It can refer to communicating information, revealing a future event, or simply pointing something out. In the provided context, it refers to messengers 'making known' or 'announcing' that people had gathered.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: leh-LEG-meh-noy

Translations: having been spoken, having been said, spoken, said, those who have been spoken, those who have been said

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been spoken' or 'having been said'. It describes something that has already been stated or declared. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, and indicates a completed action that was performed upon the subject. For example, it could refer to 'the things that have been spoken' or 'the people who have been addressed'.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΡΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΛΑΛΗΘΕΝΤΕΣ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G3850

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-ra-bo-LEE

Translations: parable, a parable, proverb, a proverb, allegory, an allegory, figure, a figure, illustration, an illustration

Notes: This word refers to a short, illustrative story that teaches a moral or spiritual lesson. It can also mean a proverb, a riddle, or a comparison. It is often used in the New Testament to describe the teaching method of Jesus, where he would use everyday situations to convey deeper truths. It is a compound word formed from 'para' (beside) and 'ballo' (to throw), literally meaning 'a throwing alongside' or 'a placing beside', implying a comparison.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΙΝΙΓΜΑ, ΠΑΡΟΙΜΙΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ), from παραβάλλω (parabállō, “to compare, to juxtapose”), from παρά (pará, “beside”) + βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”).

G4189

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pol-lakh-OO

Translations: in many places, often, frequently, everywhere

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location or frequency. It means 'in many places' or 'often'. It is used to describe an action that occurs in multiple locations or on numerous occasions.

Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑΚΙΣ, ΠΑΝΤΑΧΟΥ

Etymology: The word ΠΟΛΛΑΧΟΥ is derived from the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. The suffix -χου indicates a place or manner, forming an adverb meaning 'in many places' or 'in many ways'.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-LEH-in

Translations: to call, to invite, to name, to summon, to bid

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ΚΑΛΕΩ'. It means 'to call' in various senses, such as to summon someone, to invite them, or to give them a name. It can also mean to proclaim or to appoint. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to call' and can be used as a noun or to express purpose.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (to shout, to call). It is related to Latin calare (to call out, to proclaim) and Old English hlowan (to low, to bellow).

G5547

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRIS-ton

Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tro-po-lo-GEE-ah

Translations: tropology, figurative interpretation, moral interpretation

Notes: This is a compound word derived from 'τρόπος' (tropos), meaning 'manner' or 'way', and 'λόγος' (logos), meaning 'word' or 'reason'. Tropology refers to the figurative or moral interpretation of scripture or texts. It focuses on the ethical lessons or moral applications that can be drawn from a passage, rather than its literal or allegorical meaning. For example, a tropological reading of a story might focus on how the characters' actions provide a moral example for the reader.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'ΤΡΟΠΟΛΟΓΙΑ' is a compound of 'ΤΡΟΠΟΣ' (tropos), meaning 'turn, way, manner', and 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' (logos), meaning 'word, reason, discourse'. It describes a method of interpretation that focuses on the 'manner' or 'moral way' of understanding a text.

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OP-soh-mai

Translations: I will see, I will look, I will behold

Notes: This word is the first person singular future middle/passive indicative form of the verb 'horao', meaning 'to see'. It indicates an action of seeing or perceiving that will happen in the future, with the subject being the one who will perform the action (middle voice) or the one to whom the action is done (passive voice), though in this specific form, it often functions with an active meaning. It is used to express future observation or perception.

Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΒΛΈΨΩ, ΘΕΆΣΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb Ὁράω (horao) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. The future form ὄψομαι is derived from the aorist stem ὀπ-.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G0191

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-KOO-oh

Translations: hear, listen, obey, understand

Notes: This verb means to hear, to listen, or to perceive sound. It can also imply understanding or obeying what is heard, especially when followed by a genitive case for the person or thing heard, or an accusative case for the sound itself. It is commonly used in contexts of receiving information or commands.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ὙΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂kowh₂- (to hear). It is related to other words meaning 'to hear' in various Indo-European languages.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goo

Translations: of word, of account, of reason, of speech, of message, of saying, of statement, of report, of matter, of thing

Notes: This word refers to a word, speech, discourse, or a divine utterance. It can also mean an account, reason, or a matter/thing. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'. It is frequently used in contexts relating to communication, divine revelation, or logical reasoning.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G191

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-koo-SOH-mai

Translations: I will hear, I will listen, I will obey

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. It is in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen. It can also carry the sense of 'to obey' or 'to understand' based on the context of hearing and responding to something. It is often used to describe the act of perceiving sounds or receiving information.

Inflection: Future, Middle Voice, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

Etymology: The word ἈΚΟΥΩ (akouō) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to the act of hearing.

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ax-ee-OO-sin

Translations: they consider worthy, they deem worthy, they demand, they ask, they require, they think it right

Notes: This word means to consider or deem someone or something worthy, or to think it right to do something. It can also mean to demand, ask, or require something, often implying that the request is justified or that the person making it feels entitled. It is used in sentences where a group of people are performing the action of deeming or demanding.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΠΑΙΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word comes from the Greek adjective ἄξιος (axios), meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving'. The verb form means to 'make worthy' or 'consider worthy'.

G3633

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: OY-oh-me-noy

Translations: thinking, supposing, imagining, believing, considering, expecting

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'thinking' or 'supposing'. It describes someone who is in the act of believing, imagining, or considering something. It often implies a subjective opinion or a belief that may or may not be true. It is used to describe the state of mind of the subject of the sentence.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΔΟΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: From the root of ΟἼΩ (oiō), meaning 'to suppose, think, imagine'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek verb.

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PSY-khen

Translations: soul, a soul, life, a life, mind, a mind, self, a self

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the principle of life, or the inner self. It can denote a person's life, their mind, or their spiritual essence. It is often used to describe the seat of emotions, desires, and affections, and can also refer to the individual person themselves.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

Etymology: From a root meaning 'to breathe', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe, to blow'.

G4934

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: soon-THEH-ton

Translations: compound, composite, complex, a compound, a composite, a complex

Notes: This word describes something that is put together from multiple parts or elements, forming a whole. It signifies something that is not simple or singular but rather composed of various components. It can be used to describe a mixture, a combination, or something that is intricate in its structure.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΙΚΤΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΜΕΡΗΣ

Etymology: From the verb συντίθημι (syntithēmi), meaning 'to put together, combine', which is formed from σύν (syn, 'with, together') and τίθημι (tithēmi, 'to put, place').

G2226

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DZOH-on

Translations: living thing, animal, beast, a living thing, an animal, a beast

Notes: This word refers to any living creature or being, including animals and sometimes even humans in a general sense of being alive. It is often used to distinguish living beings from inanimate objects. It can be used in sentences like 'Every living thing loves its kind' or 'He created a living being.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΘΗΡΙΟΝ, ΚΤΗΝΟΣ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek verb ζάω (zaō), meaning 'to live' or 'to be alive'. It refers to something that possesses life.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G0011

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-brah-AHM

Translations: Abraham, (to) Abraham, (of) Abraham

Notes: This is the proper name Abraham, a pivotal figure in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam). He is considered the patriarch through whom God established a covenant, promising him numerous descendants and a land. The name means 'father of a multitude'. It is used in sentences to refer directly to the person Abraham.

Inflection: Does not inflect (indeclinable)

Etymology: The name Ἀβραάμ (Abraham) is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name אַבְרָהָם ('Avraham), which means 'father of a multitude' or 'father of many nations'. It was originally Abram, meaning 'exalted father', before God changed it.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G4061

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-toh-MEN

Translations: circumcision, a circumcision

Notes: This word refers to the act of circumcision, a religious or cultural practice involving the removal of the foreskin. In Koine Greek, it often refers to the Jewish practice of circumcision, which was a sign of the covenant with God. It can be used in both a literal sense and a metaphorical sense, referring to a spiritual cleansing or transformation.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: From the Greek verb περιτέμνω (peritemnō), meaning 'to cut around'. It is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around', and τέμνω (temnō), meaning 'to cut'.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-GOH-neh

Translations: has become, has happened, was, came to pass, occurred

Notes: ΓΕΓΟΝΕ is a form of the verb γίνομαι, meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into being,' or 'to be.' This specific form indicates an action that has been completed in the past but has ongoing results or relevance in the present. It is often translated as 'has become' or 'has happened.'

Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: The word γίνομαι comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey notions of coming into existence or becoming.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GHI-neh-tai

Translations: becomes, happens, is, is born, comes into being, takes place, arises

Notes: This verb is very common and versatile, meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to be born,' or 'to come into being.' It describes a state of transition or occurrence, indicating that something is coming into existence or changing its state. It can be used in various contexts to describe events, transformations, or the origin of something.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΚΤΩ

G4642

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: sklay-roh-KAR-dee-oy

Translations: hard-hearted, stubborn, obstinate, hard-hearted ones, stubborn ones, obstinate ones

Notes: This is a compound adjective meaning 'hard-hearted' or 'stubborn'. It describes someone who is unyielding, resistant to change, or unwilling to listen to reason or divine instruction. It is formed from 'σκληρός' (sklēros), meaning 'hard' or 'harsh', and 'καρδία' (kardia), meaning 'heart'. It is used to describe individuals or groups who are spiritually or morally unimpressionable.

Inflection: Nominative or Vocative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΙΘΗΣ, ΣΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΑΝΥΠΟΤΑΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of 'σκληρός' (sklēros), meaning 'hard' or 'harsh', and 'καρδία' (kardia), meaning 'heart'. It literally translates to 'hard-hearted'.

G4061

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-toh-MEE

Translations: circumcision, a circumcision

Notes: This word refers to the act of circumcision, a religious or cultural practice involving the removal of the foreskin. It is often used in a literal sense, but in the New Testament, it can also be used metaphorically to refer to a spiritual transformation or a covenant relationship with God, as opposed to a mere physical act.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative

Etymology: From the Greek verb περιτέμνω (peritemnō), meaning 'to cut around', which is a compound of περί (peri, 'around') and τέμνω (temnō, 'to cut').

G3748

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HEE-tis

Translations: who, which, whoever, whichever, whatever

Notes: ΗΤΙΣ is a relative pronoun, used to introduce a clause that describes a preceding noun. It is a compound word formed from the definite article and the indefinite pronoun. It functions similarly to 'who' or 'which' in English, often providing additional information about a person or thing. It is used in a descriptive sense, often emphasizing the quality or characteristic of the antecedent.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the feminine definite article 'ἡ' (he) and the indefinite pronoun 'τις' (tis). It developed in Koine Greek to provide a more emphatic or descriptive relative pronoun than the simple 'ὅς' (hos).

G1208

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: dehf-TEH-rah

Translations: second, a second, the second

Notes: This word means 'second' and is the feminine singular form of the adjective 'δεύτερος'. It can be used to describe something as being in the second position or order. It is often used substantively, meaning 'the second one' (referring to a feminine noun) or 'the second thing'. It can also refer to the second day of the week, Monday.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'δευτέρα' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to follow' or 'to yield'. It is related to the concept of being next in sequence.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G5319

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fah-neh-roh-THEY-sah

Translations: having been revealed, having been made manifest, having been made visible, having been disclosed

Notes: This word is a participle indicating an action that has been completed in the past, specifically that something has been revealed or made manifest. It describes a state of being made visible or known, often implying a disclosure of something previously hidden. It is used to describe a feminine singular subject.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-kroh-to-MOHN

Translations: cut at the top, cut off, pointed, sharp-edged, a cut-off (stone), a pointed (stone)

Notes: This word is a compound adjective, formed from 'ἄκρος' (AKROS), meaning 'highest' or 'outermost', and 'τέμνω' (TEMNO), meaning 'to cut'. It describes something that is cut off at the top or end, or something that is sharply pointed or edged. It is often used to describe stones that have been precisely cut or shaped, especially for building, indicating a sharp or exact cut.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΞΥΣ, ΑΠΟΚΟΠΤΩ

G5126

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: too-TESS-tee

Translations: that is, that is to say, namely, i.e.

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the demonstrative pronoun 'this' (τοῦτο) and the verb 'is' (ἐστι). It functions as an adverbial phrase used to clarify, explain, or introduce an equivalent or more specific term for something previously mentioned. It can be used to elaborate on a statement or provide a definition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΝΟΤΙ, ΟΥΤΩΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the neuter singular nominative/accusative form of the demonstrative pronoun ΤΟΥΤΟ (this) and the third person singular present indicative active form of the verb ΕΣΤΙ (is).

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-gohn

Translations: of words, of sayings, of accounts, of reasons, of messages, of speeches, of reports, of doctrines

Notes: ΛΟΓΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΛΟΓΟΣ (logos). The word ΛΟΓΟΣ is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a very broad range of meanings, including 'word,' 'speech,' 'account,' 'reason,' 'message,' 'report,' 'doctrine,' or 'principle.' In its genitive plural form, ΛΟΓΩΝ indicates possession, origin, or relation to multiple 'words' or 'concepts.' It is used to express 'of words' or 'belonging to words' in a sentence.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΤΩΝ, ΜΥΘΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ

G204

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ak-rog-oh-nee-AI-oo

Translations: cornerstone, chief cornerstone, a cornerstone, a chief cornerstone

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'cornerstone' or 'chief cornerstone'. It is a compound word formed from 'highest' or 'outermost' and 'corner' or 'angle'. It refers to the most important stone in a building, typically placed at the corner, which binds two walls together and supports the entire structure. Metaphorically, it is used to describe something or someone essential and foundational.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΣ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΑΚΡΟΓΩΝΙΑΙΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: ΑΚΡΟΣ (AKROS), meaning 'highest' or 'outermost', and ΓΩΝΙΑ (GŌNIA), meaning 'corner' or 'angle'. It literally refers to the stone at the highest or outermost corner of a building.

G0427

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ah-NEH-oo

Translations: without, apart from, besides

Notes: This word is a preposition that means 'without' or 'apart from'. It is used to indicate the absence of something or someone, or to denote separation. It typically takes the genitive case, indicating that something is done or exists in the absence of the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΙΣ, ΕΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek prefix ἀν- (an-), meaning 'without' or 'not', combined with the adverb εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good'.

G5080

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: tmay-THEN-tos

Translations: (of) having been cut, (of) being cut, (of) having been divided, (of) being divided

Notes: This word is a passive participle derived from the verb 'to cut' or 'to divide'. It describes something that has undergone the action of being cut or divided. As a genitive singular participle, it functions like an adjective or noun in the genitive case, often indicating possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it could refer to 'of the one who has been cut' or 'of that which has been divided'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΙΡΕΩ, ΣΧΙΖΩ

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G0574

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AH-ploce

Translations: simply, plainly, absolutely, entirely, without reservation, frankly, completely, altogether

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'simply' or 'plainly'. It can also convey the sense of 'absolutely' or 'entirely', indicating a complete or unqualified manner. It describes an action or state as being straightforward, without complexity, or in a comprehensive way.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΣ, ΟΛΩΣ, ΑΚΡΙΒΩΣ

Etymology: Derived from the adjective ΑΠΛΟΥΣ (haplous), meaning 'simple' or 'single'. The root is related to the concept of being 'unfolded' or 'without folds', hence 'simple' or 'straightforward'.

G2549

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-KEE-as

Translations: (of) evil, (of) malice, (of) wickedness, (of) depravity, evil, an evil, malice, a malice, wickedness, a wickedness, depravity, a depravity

Notes: This word refers to the inherent badness, wickedness, or depravity of character. It can also denote malice or ill-will towards others. It is often used in contexts describing moral corruption or harmful actions stemming from a bad disposition.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ, ΦΑΥΛΟΤΗΣ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΚΙΑ (kakia) comes from the adjective ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. It refers to the state or quality of being bad.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G5463

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: khai-REIN

Translations: to rejoice, to be glad, to greet, hail

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. In ancient Greek letters and documents, it was commonly used as a formal greeting, similar to saying 'Greetings!' or 'Hail!' to the recipient, expressing well-wishing or good health. It can also simply mean 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad' in other contexts.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΙΡΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- 'to desire, to want'. It is related to words meaning 'joy' or 'gladness'.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G2198

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ZOHN

Translations: living, alive, a living one, the living one

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'ζάω' (zaō), meaning 'to live'. It describes someone or something that is currently living or alive. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the living God'), or as a noun itself, referring to 'a living one' or 'the living one'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΜΨΥΧΟΣ, ΕΝΕΡΓΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'ζάω' (zaō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to live'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to life or living.

G2588

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-DEE-ais

Translations: (to) hearts, (in) hearts, (with) hearts

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of 'ΚΑΡΔΙΑ' (kardia), meaning 'heart'. In Koine Greek, 'heart' refers not only to the physical organ but also, more commonly, to the inner person, encompassing thoughts, emotions, will, and moral character. As a dative plural, it indicates the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'in', or 'with', depending on the context.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΑΙΣ, ΝΟΟΙΣ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G0025

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-gah-pay-SAN-tone

Translations: of those who loved, of those who have loved

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning "of those who loved" or "of those who have loved." As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing the action of loving in the past. It is in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, and is plural, referring to multiple individuals. It can be used to describe a group of people who performed the action of loving.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ἀγαπάω (agapaō) is of uncertain origin, but it is a common Greek verb for love, often implying a selfless, benevolent love.

G1032

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: BRY-oo-sees

Translations: of gushing, of flowing, of bursting forth, of teeming, of overflowing

Notes: This word describes something that is gushing, flowing, bursting forth, or teeming with something. It implies an abundant and forceful outpouring or presence. It is used to describe a source from which something flows or springs forth in great quantity.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΒΛΥΖΩ, ΕΚΧΕΩ

Etymology: The word "βρύω" (bryō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the idea of swelling or bursting forth.

G1014

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: boo-LOH-meh-noos

Translations: wishing, desiring, intending, purposing, those wishing, those desiring, those intending

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'βούλομαι', meaning 'to wish' or 'to desire'. It describes someone who is in the act of wishing or desiring something. In this form, it functions adjectivally or substantively, often translated as 'those wishing' or 'those desiring', depending on the context.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Accusative Case, Masculine or Feminine Gender, Plural Number

Synonyms: ΘΕΛΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΟΥΝΤΑΣ

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: leh-GON-tos

Translations: of saying, of speaking, of telling, of calling, of meaning

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ', meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a genitive participle, it often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of an action, such as 'while saying' or 'when he was speaking'. It can also function adjectivally, modifying a noun in the genitive case, meaning 'of the one saying'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΡΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G4395

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-proh-fay-TEV-tai

Translations: it has been prophesied, it was prophesied

Notes: This word is a verb in the perfect tense, passive voice, and third person singular form. It means that something has been foretold or declared by a prophet. It describes an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results or relevance in the present, indicating that the prophecy is now a settled fact.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Etymology: From PROPHETES (prophet), meaning 'one who speaks for God' or 'one who declares divine will'. The verb form means 'to act as a prophet' or 'to prophesy'.

G4314

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-AH-goo-sin

Translations: they bring to, they lead to, they present, they offer, they approach

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to bring to,' 'to lead to,' 'to present,' or 'to offer.' It is often used to describe the act of bringing someone or something into the presence of another, or presenting an offering. It can also mean to approach or draw near.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and ἄγω (agō, 'to lead, to bring').

G1125

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: geh-GRAH-meh-noys

Translations: (to) written, (to) those who have been written, (to) things written

Notes: This word is the dative plural perfect passive participle of the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It refers to something that has been written or to those who have been written about. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, often referring to 'the things written' or 'those who have been written'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗ

G4100

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pis-TEV-eh-teh

Translations: you believe, you trust, believe!, trust!

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to believe', 'to trust', or 'to have faith'. It can be used in the present indicative mood, meaning 'you (plural) believe' or 'you (plural) trust'. It can also be used as a present imperative, meaning 'believe!' or 'trust!' (addressed to multiple people). It often takes a dative object, indicating the person or thing in whom one believes or trusts.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative (2nd Person Plural) or Present, Active, Imperative (2nd Person Plural)

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ, ΕΛΠΙΖΩ

G3779

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-toh

Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner

Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.

G3759

Part of Speech: Interjection

Sounds like: OO-ah-ee

Translations: Woe, alas

Notes: This word is an exclamation used to express lament, grief, or warning. It is often translated as 'woe' or 'alas' and can be used to pronounce a curse or a solemn warning of impending disaster or judgment. It is typically followed by the person or thing to whom the 'woe' is directed, often in the dative case or introduced by a preposition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word 'οὐαι' is of imitative origin, mimicking a cry of lamentation. It is found in various forms across different languages, suggesting a common, ancient root for such an exclamation.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G4077

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pay-GAYN

Translations: spring, a spring, fountain, a fountain, well, a well, source, a source

Notes: This word refers to a natural source of water, such as a spring or a fountain. It can also be used metaphorically to denote the origin or source of something, like wisdom or life. It is typically used in sentences to indicate the place from which something originates or flows.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΡΗΝΗ, ΠΟΤΑΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΗΓΗ' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to gush' or 'to flow'.

G3736

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OH-roox-ah-teh

Translations: you dug, you have dug, you excavated, you have excavated

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to dig' or 'to excavate'. It is used to describe the action of making a hole in the ground or removing material from a place. It can refer to digging a trench, a pit, or even mining.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΚΑΠΤΩ, ΛΑΤΟΜΕΩ

Etymology: The word ὀρύσσω (oryssō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to words meaning 'to tear' or 'to break'.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOYS

Translations: (to) themselves, (for) themselves, themselves, (among) themselves

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'they gave to themselves' or 'they saw themselves'. It emphasizes that the subject is both the actor and the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the reflexive pronoun 'ἑός' (heos, 'his own') and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self').

G4912

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-EH-khine

Translations: to hold together, to constrain, to oppress, to afflict, to seize, to occupy, to press hard, to be distressed, to be held by

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (together with) and the verb ΕΧΩ (to have, to hold). It means to hold together, to constrain, to oppress, or to seize. It can describe being held by a disease or a crowd, or to be distressed by circumstances. It implies a strong, often forceful, holding or pressing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΠΙΕΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΕΧΩ is a compound of the Greek preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΕΧΩ (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G4622

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: see-OHN

Translations: Zion

Notes: Zion refers to a specific hill in Jerusalem, often used to denote the city of Jerusalem itself, especially its spiritual and theological significance as the dwelling place of God and the center of His people. It can also refer to the heavenly Jerusalem or the spiritual community of believers.

Inflection: Does not inflect (indeclinable)

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΥΣΑΛΗΜ

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin (צִיּוֹן, Tsiyyon), meaning 'fortification' or 'citadel'. It was originally the name of a Jebusite fortress in Jerusalem, which King David conquered and made his capital.

G2419

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roo-sa-LEEM

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This is the name of the ancient city of Jerusalem, a significant city in the history of Judaism and Christianity. It is often referred to as the Holy City and is central to many biblical narratives. As a proper noun, it functions as the subject or object in a sentence, referring specifically to this particular city.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It is derived from ancient Hebrew roots and has been known by various names throughout history, but Jerusalem is its most enduring form.

G0976

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BEEB-lee-on

Translations: book, scroll, a book, a scroll

Notes: This word refers to a book or a scroll, which was the common form of written material in ancient times. It is a diminutive of the word βίβλος (biblos), meaning 'papyrus' or 'book'. It is used to denote a written document, a record, or a volume of text. For example, one might read 'the book' or 'the scroll' of a prophet.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΟΣ, ΓΡΑΦΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek βίβλος (biblos, “papyrus, book”), which is thought to be of Egyptian origin, referring to the city of Byblos, a Phoenician city known for exporting papyrus.

G1715