2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DEIN

Translations: to see, to perceive, to behold, to look, to know, to understand

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. It is used to express the action of seeing or perceiving in a general sense, often without a specific time frame. It can also imply understanding or knowing something through observation. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He desired to see the truth' or 'It is good to see the light'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ὁράω' (horao) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. The aorist stem 'ἰδ-' (id-) is derived from a different, but related, Proto-Indo-European root, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.

G2338

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thay-LI-as

Translations: of a female, of a woman, of a girl, of a daughter, of a cow, of a ewe, of a she-goat, of a sow, of a female animal

Notes: This word refers to something that is female, whether a human or an animal. It is used to denote the feminine gender or a female being. In the provided examples, it appears to refer to female individuals or creatures.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΥΝΗ, ΚΟΡΗ

Etymology: From the Greek word θῆλυς (thēlys), meaning 'female' or 'feminine'. It is related to the idea of suckling or nursing, as seen in words like θηλή (thēlē) 'nipple'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-on-tas

Translations: having, holding, possessing, those having, the ones holding

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions both as a verb, indicating an action, and as an adjective, modifying a noun. In this form, it describes individuals or things that are in the process of having or holding something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑΣ

Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with cognates in other Indo-European languages.

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4395

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-proh-fay-TOO-toh

Translations: it had been prophesied, it was prophesied

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to prophesy' or 'to foretell'. The form 'ἐπεπροφητεύτο' indicates that something 'had been prophesied' or 'was prophesied' in the past, with the action completed before another past event. It is often used in contexts where a past prophecy is being referred to as having been fulfilled or as a historical fact.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Pluperfect, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΛΕΓΩ, ΠΡΟΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word 'προφητεύω' comes from 'προφήτης' (prophetēs), meaning 'prophet', which is derived from 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak forth' or 'to speak before'.

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LEW-ses-thai

Translations: to come, to go, to arrive

Notes: This word is the future infinitive form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It indicates an action of coming or going that is expected to happen in the future. It is often used in indirect statements or with verbs that express expectation, intention, or command, signifying 'to be about to come' or 'that someone will come'.

Inflection: Future, Infinitive, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΗΚΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the idea of 'to move' or 'to go'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G2674

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tay-rith-mee-MEH-nahs

Translations: numbered, counted, reckoned, enrolled

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been numbered' or 'having been counted'. It describes something that has already undergone the action of being numbered or included in a count. It implies a completed action with a continuing state or result.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΡΙΘΜΕΩ, ΣΥΝΑΡΙΘΜΕΩ

Etymology: The word καταριθμέω (katarithmeō) is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the verb ἀριθμέω (arithmeō), meaning 'to number' or 'to count'. The prefix κατά intensifies the action of counting, implying a thorough or complete numbering.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G1900

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ep-EH-kee-nah

Translations: beyond, further, on the other side, from that time forward

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'beyond' or 'further'. It can indicate a spatial distance, meaning 'on the other side of' something, or a temporal extent, meaning 'from that time forward' or 'hereafter'. It is often used to denote a point or limit that is surpassed.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΝ, ΕΞΩ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and ἘΚΕΙΝΑ (ekeina), the neuter plural of ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ (ekeinos), meaning 'that' or 'those'.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3195

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: MEL-line

Translations: to be about to, to intend to, to be destined to, to delay, to hesitate

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb μέλλω. It is commonly used with an infinitive to express an action that is imminent, intended, or destined to happen. It can also indicate a delay or hesitation in doing something. For example, it might be used to say 'he is about to go' or 'they intend to speak'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΘΕΛΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- 'to grind, crush'. The meaning evolved to 'to be about to' or 'to delay', possibly through the idea of 'grinding to a halt' or 'being on the verge of something'.

G3142

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mar-too-REE-on

Translations: testimony, a testimony, witness, a witness, evidence, a proof

Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence. It is used to describe something that provides proof or confirmation of a fact or event. It can refer to the act of bearing witness or the content of what is testified.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ

Etymology: From G3144 (μάρτυς, 'martys'), meaning 'witness'. It refers to that which is borne witness to, or the content of a witness's testimony.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-FAYN

Translations: I said, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This is the first aorist active indicative form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'he/she/it said' depending on the context. It can refer to a specific utterance or a general statement made previously.

Inflection: First Aorist, Active, Indicative, Singular, First or Third Person

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The verb φημί (phēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to speak, tell, say'. It is related to Latin fari ('to speak') and English 'ban' (in the sense of proclamation).

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-GO-ne-nai

Translations: to have become, to have been, to have happened, to have come into being

Notes: This is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, with the results or state continuing into the present. It is often used to express a state of being that has come about, or an event that has occurred.

Inflection: Perfect, Infinitive, Active

Synonyms: ΕΙΝΑΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word 'γίνομαι' (ginomai) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'.

G3097

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MA-gohn

Translations: of magi, of wise men, of sorcerers

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'magos' (μάγος). A magus was originally a member of an ancient Persian priestly caste, known for their wisdom, knowledge of astronomy, and interpretation of dreams. In later contexts, the term could also refer to a sorcerer, magician, or charlatan, depending on the connotation. It is used here to indicate possession or origin, as in 'belonging to magi' or 'from magi'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΟΦΟΙ, ΕΠΑΟΙΔΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'magos' (μάγος) is of Old Persian origin, referring to a member of the priestly caste of ancient Persia. It was adopted into Greek and later Latin, maintaining its association with wisdom, astrology, and sometimes magic.

G1080

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: gen-nee-THEE-nai

Translations: to be born, to be begotten, to be produced

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive of the verb 'γεννάω' (gennaō), meaning 'to be born' or 'to be begotten'. It describes the action of coming into existence or being brought forth, often referring to physical birth or spiritual regeneration. It is used to express the state of being born or generated by someone or something.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΦΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word γεννάω (gennaō) comes from the Greek root γένος (genos), meaning 'race, stock, kin'. It is related to the concept of origin and lineage.

G3813

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pai-DEE-on

Translations: child, a child, infant, an infant, little child, a little child

Notes: This word refers to a young child or an infant. It is a diminutive form of the word 'παῖς' (pais), meaning 'child' or 'servant', emphasizing the smallness or tenderness of the child. It can be used generally to refer to any young person, often implying innocence or youth.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΒΡΕΦΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'παιδίον' (paidíon), a diminutive of 'παῖς' (paîs, “child, boy, servant”).

G4352

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-eh-koo-NEE-san

Translations: they worshiped, they bowed down, they prostrated themselves, they did obeisance

Notes: This word describes the act of showing reverence or adoration, typically by prostrating oneself or bowing down. It implies an act of worship or homage, often directed towards God, a deity, or a person of high authority. It is frequently used with the dative case to indicate the object of worship or reverence.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word προσκυνέω is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'towards' or 'before', and κυνέω (kyneō), meaning 'to kiss'. The original sense was to kiss the ground when prostrating oneself before a superior, or to kiss the hand of a superior.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G1080

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: gen-nee-THEIS

Translations: having been born, begotten

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been born' or 'begotten.' It describes someone or something that has undergone the process of birth or generation. It functions like an adjective or adverb in a sentence, indicating a completed action in the past that resulted in the state of being born.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΠΟΙΗΘΕΙΣ, ΦΥΣΙΟΓΕΝΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΕΝΝΑΩ comes from the Greek root γένος (genos), meaning 'race, stock, family.' It refers to the act of procreation or bringing forth offspring.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G0837

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: owk-SAH-nohn

Translations: growing, increasing, causing to grow, causing to increase

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'αὐξάνω', meaning 'to grow' or 'to increase'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an ongoing action. It can mean 'one who is growing' or 'one who is causing to grow', depending on the context. It is often used to describe natural growth, spiritual growth, or the act of God causing something to grow or prosper.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative Singular

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΥΝΩ, ΜΕΓΑΛΥΝΩ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G2839

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KOY-non

Translations: common, shared, public, a common thing, the common thing, a community, the community

Notes: This word refers to something that is common, shared, or public. As an adjective, it describes something belonging to or used by all. As a neuter noun, it can refer to a common thing, a public matter, or even a community or commonwealth.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΣ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom-yos, meaning 'common, shared'. It is related to the idea of 'togetherness' or 'fellowship'.

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tohn

Translations: (of) all, (of) everyone, (of) everything

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΑΠΑΣ' (apas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, a prefix indicating totality or completeness) and 'πας' (pas, meaning 'all' or 'every'). As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship for multiple entities, often translated as 'of all' or 'concerning all'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΝ, ΟΛΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound of the intensive prefix ἀ- (a-) and the word πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. The prefix ἀ- intensifies the meaning of 'all' to 'the whole' or 'everyone without exception'.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN

Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind

Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.

G5530

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: KHROH-meh-nos

Translations: using, employing, having, dealing with, associating with, a user, an employer

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΧΡΑΟΜΑΙ' (chraomai), meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of using, employing, or dealing with something. It can also imply having or associating with something. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used adverbially.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΧΩΝ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ

G0838

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: owk-SEE-say

Translations: growth, increase, a growth, an increase

Notes: This word refers to the process of growing or increasing in size, quantity, or intensity. It can describe physical growth, an increase in numbers, or a development in power or influence. It is used to denote the act or result of augmentation.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΥΣΜΟΣ, ΠΡΟΚΟΠΗ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΞΗΣΙΣ (auxēsis) comes from the verb ΑΥΞΑΝΩ (auxanō), meaning 'to grow' or 'to increase'. It is related to the concept of augmentation and development.

G3615

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oy-KAY-on

Translations: one's own, proper, fitting, suitable, domestic, familiar, a proper thing, one's own thing

Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something as belonging to one's household, family, or self. It can also mean something that is proper, fitting, or suitable for a particular situation or person. It is often used to indicate a close relationship or inherent quality.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΙΔΙΟΣ, ΕΜΟΣ, ΣΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΕΙΟΣ (from which ΟἸΚΕΙΟΝ is derived) comes from ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'household'. It refers to that which pertains to or belongs to a house or family.

G0000

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-NEH-mee-meh

Translations: he allotted, he assigned, he distributed, he gave, he rendered

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to allot,' 'to assign,' 'to distribute,' or 'to give.' It describes the act of setting aside or giving a portion or share to someone. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from,' and the verb νέμω (nemō), meaning 'to distribute' or 'to assign.'

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΔΙΑΝΕΜΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G5142

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: TREH-foh-meh-nos

Translations: being nourished, being fed, being brought up, being reared

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'τρέφω' (trephō), meaning 'to nourish' or 'to feed'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the process of being nourished, fed, or brought up. It can be used to describe a person or animal receiving sustenance or care.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΒΟΣΚΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΘΑΛΠΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G5144

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: tree-AH-kon-tah

Translations: thirty

Notes: This word means 'thirty' and is used to denote the number 30. It functions as an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of the gender, case, or number of the noun it modifies. It is typically used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of thirty units.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From τρεῖς (treis, “three”) and a suffix related to -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”), indicating multiples of ten. It is cognate with Latin triginta and English thirty.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PLAY-oh-nah

Translations: more, many, a greater number, a greater amount

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'more' or 'greater'. It is used to indicate a larger quantity, number, or degree of something. It can function as a comparative adjective, meaning 'more than' or 'greater than', or as a substantive, referring to 'the majority' or 'the greater part'.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Neuter or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΜΕΙΖΩΝ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'full' or 'many'. It is the comparative form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'.

G1640

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-LAS-soh-nah

Translations: less, smaller, inferior, a less one, a smaller one

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'less' or 'smaller'. It is used to indicate a lesser quantity, size, or importance when comparing two or more things. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'This is less than that' or 'He is smaller than his brother'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΗΤΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἘΛΑΣΣΩΝ (elassōn) is the comparative form of the adjective ἘΛΑΧΥΣ (elachys), meaning 'small' or 'little'. It is related to the verb ἘΛΑΥΝΩ (elaunō), which means 'to drive' or 'to push', suggesting a sense of being 'driven down' or 'reduced'.

G3306

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: MEI-nas

Translations: having remained, having abode, having endured, having stayed, a remaining one, one who remained

Notes: This word is the masculine nominative singular form of the aorist active participle of the verb 'μένω' (menō). It describes an action that was completed in the past, indicating someone who 'remained,' 'abode,' 'endured,' or 'stayed.' It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, referring to 'the one who remained.'

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative Singular

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΙΝΑΣ, ΠΑΡΑΜΕΙΝΑΣ

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEKH-rees

Translations: until, up to, as far as, while, even to

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that serves as a limit or boundary. As a preposition, it means 'until' or 'up to' a certain point or place. As a conjunction, it means 'until' or 'while' a certain event occurs. As an adverb, it can mean 'even to' or 'as far as'. It often takes the genitive case when used as a preposition, but can also be followed by a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word 'μέχρι' (mechri), which also means 'until' or 'up to'. The '-ς' ending is an adverbial suffix.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G4281

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-el-EE-loo-then

Translations: he has come forth, he has gone forth, he has proceeded, he has advanced

Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb προέρχομαι (proerchomai), meaning 'to go forth,' 'to come forth,' 'to proceed,' or 'to advance.' It describes an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present. It can be used to describe someone or something moving forward from a place or state.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΡΟΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word προέρχομαι (proerchomai) is a compound verb formed from the prefix πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go.'

G2491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-AN-nays

Translations: John

Notes: This is a common male proper name of Hebrew origin, meaning 'Yahweh is gracious' or 'God is gracious'. It is used to refer to various individuals named John, such as John the Baptist or the Apostle John. It functions as the subject of a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ἰωάννης (Ioannes) is derived from the Hebrew name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן), which means 'Yahweh is gracious'. It was a very common name in ancient Israel and continued to be popular in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G2064

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: el-THON-tos

Translations: of having come, of the one who came, of him who came, of coming, when he came, when it came

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a genitive singular participle, it often functions adverbially, indicating a preceding action or circumstance, such as 'when he came' or 'after he came'. It can also function substantively, meaning 'of the one who came' or 'of him who came'. It describes the state or action of having arrived or having gone.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΗΚΟΝΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΟΝΤΟΣ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G2718

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tel-THON-tos

Translations: of having gone down, of having come down, when he had gone down, when he had come down

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (ERCHOMAI), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often translated as 'having gone down' or 'having come down'. It functions adjectivally or adverbially, indicating the circumstances or time of another action, such as 'when he had gone down'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΚΑΤΙΣΧΥΩ

G0320

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-EEF-thay

Translations: it was kindled, it was lit, it was ignited, it was set on fire

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist passive indicative form of the verb ἀνάπτω (anaptō), meaning 'to kindle' or 'to light'. It describes an action that happened in the past, where something was kindled or ignited by an external force, rather than kindling itself. It is often used in contexts describing fire or light being brought into existence.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΚΚΑΙΩ, ΑΝΑΚΑΙΩ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G0040

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AH-gee-on

Translations: holy, sacred, a holy thing, a sacred thing, set apart

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'holy,' 'sacred,' or 'set apart.' It describes something that is consecrated to God, pure, or morally blameless. It can refer to places, objects, or people that are dedicated to divine service or possess a divine quality. In its neuter form, it can also refer to a 'holy thing' or 'sacred place.'

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Singular; Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΙΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to venerate' or 'to dread'. It refers to that which inspires awe and reverence, particularly in a religious context.

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah

Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath

Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G5547

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khri-STOO

Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ

G1904

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pel-THON-tos

Translations: (of) having come upon, (of) having come over, (of) having arrived, (of) having descended upon

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'eperchomai', meaning 'to come upon' or 'to arrive'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is occurring in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It often implies an arrival, a coming over, or a descent, and can be used to describe something that happens to or affects someone or something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΛΘΟΝΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΠΡΟΣΕΛΘΟΝΤΟΣ

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-lay-LOO-theh-nai

Translations: to come, to go, to arrive, to appear

Notes: This is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. The perfect tense indicates a completed action with ongoing results, so 'to have come' or 'to have gone' is often implied. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity, or to complete the meaning of another verb.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΗΚΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ergh- 'to move, to go'. In Koine Greek, it is a common verb for movement.

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G1759

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: en-DEH-ace

Translations: lacking, needy, deficient, in want of, poor, destitute

Notes: This adjective describes someone or something that is lacking in a particular quality, resource, or item. It often implies a state of need or deficiency. It is frequently used with a genitive case to specify what is being lacked, for example, 'lacking (of) wisdom' or 'needy (of) food'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΤΩΧΟΣ, ΠΕΝΗΣ, ἈΠΟΡΟΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in', and the root of δέω (deō), meaning 'to lack' or 'to need'. Thus, it literally means 'in lack' or 'in need'.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G4106

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: plah-NEEHN

Translations: error, deception, delusion, wandering, a wandering, an error, a deception, a delusion

Notes: This word refers to a wandering, a going astray, or a deviation from the right path. It can signify an error in judgment, a deception, or a delusion, often implying a moral or spiritual straying. It is used to describe a state of being led astray or being in error.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΗ, ΠΛΑΝΟΣ, ΑΠΛΑΝΗΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the verb πλανάω (planaō), meaning 'to wander' or 'to lead astray'.

G3789

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-FEH-ohs

Translations: of a serpent, of a snake

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ὄφις' (ophis), meaning 'serpent' or 'snake'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to how 'of a serpent' or 'belonging to a snake' would be used in English. For example, 'the venom of a serpent' or 'the path of a snake'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΡΑΚΩΝ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to a word meaning 'to see' or 'to look', referring to the serpent's keen eyesight.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-KAS-too

Translations: of each, of every, of everyone, of each one

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective/pronoun 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual members of a group, emphasizing their distinctness. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'of each man') or as a pronoun standing alone (e.g., 'of each one').

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ (hekastos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *sek- meaning 'to cut' or 'to separate', implying 'each one separately'.

G4137

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: po-nee-REH-oo-sah-MEH-noo

Translations: having acted wickedly, having done evil, having been evil, of having acted wickedly, of having done evil, of having been evil

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to act wickedly' or 'to do evil'. It describes someone who has performed an evil or wicked deed. As a genitive participle, it often functions to describe the source or possessor of an action, or to indicate a temporal or causal relationship, such as 'of him who acted wickedly' or 'when he had acted wickedly'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΟΙΕΩ, ΑΔΙΚΕΩ

G845

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ow-tek-soo-SEE-oo-s

Translations: having free will, self-governing, independent

Notes: This word describes someone or something that has the power to act according to their own will, being self-governing or independent. It is a compound word formed from 'αὐτός' (autos), meaning 'self', and 'ἐξουσία' (exousia), meaning 'authority' or 'power'. It is used to emphasize the autonomy or freedom of choice of a person or entity.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΣ, ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΕΞΟΥΣΙΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: αὐτός (autos), meaning 'self', and ἐξουσία (exousia), meaning 'power', 'authority', or 'right'. It describes the state of having power over oneself or one's own actions.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-noos

Translations: having become, having come into being, having happened, having been born, having been made, becoming, coming into being, happening, being born, being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), which means 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' 'to be born,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, often indicating an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring relative to the main verb. It describes someone or something that has undergone a transformation or a state of being.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΟΜΗΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G4238

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PRAH-teh-in

Translations: to do, to perform, to practice, to accomplish, to fare, to act

Notes: This verb means to do, to perform, or to accomplish something. It can also refer to how one fares or gets along, often in the sense of 'to do well' or 'to be well'. It describes actions or activities, often with a focus on the process or the habitual nature of the action.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From an intensive form of an obsolete primary verb, meaning to pass through, hence to experience, i.e. to do or make. It is related to the idea of passing through or accomplishing a task.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-KAS-ton

Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each thing, every thing

Notes: This word means 'each' or 'every', referring to individual items or persons within a group. It is used to emphasize the distinctness of each member. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a pronoun standing in for 'each one' or 'each thing'.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ, ΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word comes from an intensive form of the demonstrative pronoun 'he' or 'that', emphasizing individuality.

G1743

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-eh-doo-NAH-mo-seh

Translations: he strengthened, he empowered, he enabled

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to strengthen', 'to empower', or 'to enable'. It describes the act of imparting strength or ability to someone or something. It is often used in contexts where divine power or assistance is given to an individual, allowing them to accomplish a task or endure a challenge.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΟΩ, ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΩ

Etymology: The word ἐνδυναμόω (endynamoo) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'into', and the verb δυναμόω (dynamoo), meaning 'to strengthen' or 'to make powerful'. The verb δυναμόω itself comes from δύναμις (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'ability'.

G1410

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doo-NAH-sthai

Translations: to be able, to have power, to be strong, can

Notes: This is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'δύναμαι'. It means 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It is often used in constructions where one expresses the ability or capacity to do something, similar to the English 'can' or 'to be able to'.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ

Etymology: From the root 'δύναμαι', meaning 'to be able'. It is related to 'δύναμις' (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'ability'.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-EH-in

Translations: to do, to make, to produce, to create, to perform, to accomplish, to bring about

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from physical actions like making something, to abstract actions like performing a deed or bringing something about. It often indicates the execution of an action or the creation of an object.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'ποιέω' (poieō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old root meaning 'to make' or 'to create'.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0142

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ai-ROI-n-toh

Translations: they might take up, they might lift, they might carry, they might bear, they might remove, they might take away, they might destroy

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'αἴρω' (airō), meaning 'to take up, lift, carry, or remove'. It is used to describe an action that might or would happen, often in a hypothetical or potential context. It can refer to physically lifting something, carrying a burden, or metaphorically taking away or removing something, even destroying it. The meaning can vary depending on the context.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Optative, Middle/Passive Voice, Present Tense

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ

G0283

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-tee-moh-RAY-toos

Translations: unpunished, without punishment

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'unpunished' or 'without punishment'. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'τιμωρητός' (timōrētos), which means 'punishable' or 'avenged'. Therefore, it describes someone or something that has not been punished or is exempt from punishment. It is used to describe individuals or actions that escape retribution.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine or Feminine, Accusative

Etymology: The word ἈΤΙΜΩΡΗΤΟΣ (atimōrētos) is derived from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not') and the verb τιμωρέω (timōreō, 'to punish, avenge'). The suffix -τος (-tos) forms an adjective indicating capability or result. Thus, it means 'not punished' or 'unpunishable'.

G5083

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: tay-RAY-sai

Translations: to keep, to observe, to guard, to preserve, to watch

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'τηρέω' (tēreō). It means 'to keep', 'to observe', 'to guard', or 'to preserve'. It is used to express the action of holding onto something, maintaining a state, or carefully watching over someone or something. As an infinitive, it often functions like a noun, indicating the purpose or result of an action, or as a complement to another verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΠΑΡΑΤΗΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΤΗΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΤΗΡΕΩ (tēreō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to watch' or 'to attend to'.

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G2849

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: koh-LA-zayn

Translations: to punish, to chastise, to correct, to curb, to restrain

Notes: ΚΟΛΑΖΕΙΝ is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΚΟΛΑΖΩ. It means to punish, chastise, or correct someone, often with the aim of improvement or restraint. It can be used in sentences to express the act of inflicting a penalty or discipline upon someone.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΩΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΠΑΙΔΕΥΩ

Etymology: From κόλαξ (kolax, "flatterer"), originally meaning to prune or curtail, then to chastise or punish. The root is related to the idea of cutting or lopping off, which evolved into the sense of restraining or punishing.

G2523

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-thes-THEN-tah

Translations: having sat down, having taken a seat, having been seated

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having sat down' or 'having been seated'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, often functioning like an adjective to describe someone or something that has taken a seat. It can also function adverbially, indicating the circumstances under which another action occurs.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΘΙΣΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΙΖΩ comes from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down', and the verb ἵζω (hizō), meaning 'to cause to sit' or 'to sit'.

G1525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ice-EL-thain

Translations: to enter, to go in, to come in

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'to enter' or 'to go in'. It describes the action of moving into a place or situation. It is often used to indicate the commencement of an action or the arrival at a destination.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕἸΣΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕἸΣΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roh-SO-loo-mah

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Judea and a significant religious center for Jews and Christians. It is often used in the context of travel to or from the city, or events that took place within it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (indeclinable in some contexts), Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from 'Urusalim', meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It has been known by various names throughout history.

G0584

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-DEIK-sah-men

Translations: we demonstrated, we proved, we showed, we pointed out

Notes: This word is the first person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb ἀποδείκνυμι (apodeiknymi). It means 'to demonstrate,' 'to prove,' or 'to show clearly.' It implies a completed action of presenting evidence or making something evident, often with the result of convincing or establishing a fact. For example, 'we demonstrated the truth' or 'we proved our point.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΊΚΝΥΜΙ, ἈΠΟΦΑΊΝΩ, ἘΠΙΔΕΊΚΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἀποδείκνυμι is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from,' and the verb δείκνυμι (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out.' The combination emphasizes showing something clearly or proving it definitively.

G1716

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-eh-POI-ei

Translations: produce, cause, effect, make, create, bring about

Notes: This word describes the act of producing, causing, or bringing something into existence or effect. It implies an active role in creating or generating an outcome. It is often used to describe something that instills a feeling or condition in someone or something else.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΈΩ, ΓΊΝΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΡΓΆΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἘΜΠΟΙΈΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and the verb ΠΟΙΈΩ (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'.

G5547

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRIS-ton

Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

G1107

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: gno-RIS-ma

Translations: mark, a mark, token, sign, proof, distinguishing mark

Notes: This word refers to a distinguishing mark, token, or sign that serves to identify or prove something. It can be used to denote a characteristic feature or evidence that makes something known or recognizable.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΗΜΕΙΟΝ, ΤΕΚΜΗΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΓΝΩΡΙΣΜΑ (gnōrisma) is derived from the verb γνωρίζω (gnōrizō), meaning 'to make known' or 'to reveal'. It is related to the root γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), meaning 'to know'.

G5342

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-feh-ren

Translations: he was carrying, he was bearing, he was bringing, he was enduring, he was leading, he was producing

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'φέρω' (pherō). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'he/she/it was carrying,' 'was bearing,' 'was bringing,' or 'was enduring.' It can also mean 'to lead' or 'to produce' depending on the context.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G5547

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: khree-STOSS

Translations: Christ, Anointed One, Messiah, a Christ, an Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is predominantly used as a title for Jesus, identifying him as the promised Messiah. It can also be used more generally to refer to anyone who has been anointed, such as a king or priest.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek verb χρίω (chriō), meaning 'to anoint'. The noun form refers to someone who has been anointed, typically for a special office or purpose.

G3739, G4007

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: ON-per

Translations: which, whom, as, just as, exactly as, in the very way that

Notes: This word is a compound of the relative pronoun ὅν (hon, 'which/whom') and the particle περ (per, 'indeed/very'). It functions as an emphatic relative pronoun or conjunction, meaning 'exactly which,' 'just as,' or 'in the very way that.' It emphasizes the preceding relative pronoun or adverb, highlighting the precise manner or identity. It is often used to introduce a clause that specifies a comparison or a particular instance.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the accusative masculine singular of the relative pronoun ὅς (hos), meaning 'who, which,' and the enclitic particle περ (per), which adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed, very.'

G2491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-AN-noo

Translations: of John

Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'John'. It is a common name in the Bible, referring to several individuals, most notably John the Baptist and John the Apostle. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'the son of John' or 'the Gospel of John'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'John' is derived from the Hebrew name Yochanan (יוחנן), meaning 'Yahweh is gracious' or 'God is gracious'. It was a very common name among Jews in the Second Temple period.

G1163

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DEH-ee

Translations: it was necessary, it had to be, it behooved, one had to

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it was necessary' or 'it had to be'. It describes something that was obligatory, proper, or destined to happen. It is often used to express a divine or moral necessity, or what was fitting or appropriate in a given situation. It typically takes an infinitive or a clause as its subject.

Inflection: Impersonal, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Etymology: The word ΔΕΙ (dei) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₁- meaning 'to put, to place'. In Greek, it developed the sense of 'it is necessary' or 'it is binding'.

G1922

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ig-NOH-see

Translations: to knowledge, to full knowledge, to recognition, to a knowledge, to a full knowledge, to a recognition

Notes: This word refers to a deep, accurate, or full knowledge, often implying a personal and experiential understanding rather than mere intellectual acquaintance. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, in addition to) and 'γνῶσις' (knowledge), suggesting an intensified or complete form of knowledge. It is used to describe a comprehensive understanding or recognition of something or someone.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ, ΣΟΦΙΑ

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G2516

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ka-THEH-zoh-MEH-noo

Translations: of one sitting down, of him sitting, while he was sitting, of one dwelling, of him dwelling

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, genitive singular, of the verb 'καθέζομαι' (kathezomai). It means 'to sit down', 'to be seated', or 'to dwell'. As a participle, it describes an action happening concurrently with the main verb, often translated with 'while' or 'as'. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down', and 'ἕζομαι' (hezomai), meaning 'to sit'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΘΙΖΩ

Etymology: The verb 'καθέζομαι' is a compound of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and 'ἕζομαι' (hezomai), meaning 'to sit'. 'ἕζομαι' itself is related to the root for 'seat' or 'sit'.

G2784

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kay-ROOS-son-tos

Translations: preaching, proclaiming, heralding, announcing, a preacher, one who preaches

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κηρύσσω' (kēryssō), meaning 'to preach' or 'to proclaim'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in the act of preaching, proclaiming, or heralding a message. It can function adjectivally, describing a person or thing that is preaching, or substantively, referring to 'one who preaches' or 'a preacher'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ

G3341

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-tah-NOY-ahs

Translations: of repentance, of a change of mind, of a change of heart

Notes: This word refers to a change of mind, a turning around, or repentance. It signifies a fundamental shift in one's thinking, attitude, or direction, often implying a moral or spiritual transformation. It is frequently used in contexts of turning away from sin and towards God. It is a compound word formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'after' or 'with', and 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΕΙΑ

G1742

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: en-DY-ma

Translations: garment, clothing, raiment, a garment, a clothing

Notes: This word refers to an article of clothing or a covering. It is used to describe what someone wears, whether it be a single piece of clothing or a general collection of garments. It can be used in contexts referring to literal clothing or metaphorically for something that covers or adorns.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἹΜΑΤΙΟΝ, ἘΣΘΗΣ, ΧΙΤΩΝ

Etymology: From the verb ἘΝΔΥΩ (endyō), meaning 'to put on' or 'to clothe oneself'. It describes something that is put on.

G3440

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G5409

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: foh-ROON-tos

Translations: carrying, wearing, bearing, bringing, enduring, of carrying, of wearing, of bearing, of bringing, of enduring

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'carrying,' 'wearing,' 'bearing,' or 'bringing.' It describes an ongoing action of someone or something that is performing the act of carrying or wearing. It is often used in a genitive absolute construction, indicating a circumstance or cause, or as an attributive participle modifying a noun in the genitive case.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΤΑΖΟΝΤΟΣ, ΑΓΟΝΤΟΣ

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G4133

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: PLAYN

Translations: but, nevertheless, except, only, however, save, yet, notwithstanding, (except) for

Notes: This word functions as an adverb, conjunction, or preposition, indicating an exception, contrast, or limitation. As an adverb, it means 'nevertheless' or 'only'. As a conjunction, it means 'but' or 'however', introducing a contrasting statement. As a preposition, it means 'except' or 'save', typically followed by a genitive case, indicating exclusion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΕΙ ΜΗ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

Etymology: From an obsolete root, possibly related to πλῆθος (plēthos, 'multitude'), suggesting a sense of 'fullness' or 'completeness' from which something is excluded.

G0066

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AH-gree-on

Translations: wild, a wild, savage, fierce, untamed, rustic, a rustic

Notes: This word describes something as wild, untamed, or savage. It can refer to animals that are not domesticated, or to people who are uncivilized or fierce. It can also describe things that grow in the wild, like plants, or a person who lives in the countryside.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΓΡΙΟΣ, ΘΗΡΙΩΔΗΣ, ἈΝΗΜΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word originates from the Greek word ἀγρός (agros), meaning 'field' or 'countryside', indicating something belonging to or found in the fields, hence 'wild' or 'rustic'.

G5274

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-peh-LAM-bah-non

Translations: they supposed, they assumed, they received, they took up, they answered

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo, meaning 'under' or 'from below') and 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It generally means to take up, to receive, to assume, to suppose, or to answer. In different contexts, it can refer to taking something up from below, receiving a person or idea, forming an opinion or assumption, or replying to someone.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-MEE

Translations: I am, to be, exist, happen

Notes: This is the Koine Greek verb 'to be', 'to exist', or 'to happen'. It is a fundamental and highly irregular verb, often used as a copula (a linking verb) to connect the subject of a sentence to a predicate noun or adjective, indicating identity or a state of being. It can also indicate existence or occurrence. For example, 'Ἐγὼ εἰμι' translates to 'I am'.

Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: This verb is one of the oldest and most fundamental verbs in the Greek language, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages.

G5456

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foh-NAY

Translations: voice, sound, noise, a voice, a sound, a noise

Notes: This word refers to a voice, a sound, or a noise. It is commonly used to describe the sound produced by living beings, such as a human voice or the sound of an animal, but can also refer to inanimate sounds like thunder or the sound of a trumpet. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (to speak, tell, say). Cognate with Latin fari (to speak) and English ban.

G2478

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: is-khoo-RO-teh-ross

Translations: stronger, more powerful, mightier, more able

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'stronger' or 'more powerful'. It is used to compare the strength or power of one thing or person to another. For example, one might say 'he is stronger than I' or 'this army is more powerful than that one'. It can also imply being more able or more effective.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine; or Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine; or Singular, Nominative, Neuter; or Singular, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΡΕΙΤΤΩΝ, ΔΥΝΑΤΩΤΕΡΟΣ

G2425

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-ka-NOS

Translations: sufficient, adequate, competent, able, worthy, enough, a lot, many

Notes: This word describes something or someone as being sufficient, adequate, or competent for a particular purpose or task. It can refer to a quantity that is enough, or a person who is capable or worthy. It is often used to express that something is ample or abundant.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΡΚΕΤΟΣ, ΑΞΙΟΣ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb ἱκάνω (hikanō), meaning 'to reach, to arrive, to suffice'.

G3543

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: noh-mee-ZOH-meh-noo

Translations: (of) being thought, (of) being supposed, (of) being considered, (of) being accustomed, (of) being believed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'nomizo', meaning 'to think', 'to suppose', 'to consider', 'to be accustomed', or 'to believe'. As a participle, it describes an action or state that is ongoing or has just occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession, origin, or a relationship, such as 'of one who is thought' or 'of that which is supposed'. It can be used to describe someone or something that is generally accepted or believed to be a certain way, even if it's not strictly true.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G0103

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-ee-DOOS

Translations: of singing, of chanting, of hymning, of celebrating, of proclaiming

Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the present active participle of the verb 'aeidō'. It means 'of one who sings' or 'of that which is sung'. It describes the action of singing, chanting, or proclaiming, and is used to indicate possession or origin related to such an action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΥΜΝΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ΨΑΛΛΟΝΤΟΣ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of the primary verb ᾄδω (adō), meaning 'to sing'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G2784

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KEE-roos-son

Translations: they were proclaiming, they were preaching, they were announcing

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb κηρύσσω (kēryssō). It means 'they were proclaiming,' 'they were preaching,' or 'they were announcing.' The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing, repeated, or continuous action in the past. It describes an action that was happening over a period of time, rather than a single completed event.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ

Etymology: The word κηρύσσω (kēryssō) comes from κῆρυξ (kēryx), meaning 'herald' or 'messenger.' It refers to the act of a herald making a public proclamation.

G5316

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: fah-ee-no-MEH-noo

Translations: appearing, being seen, being shown, being revealed, being brought to light, of appearing, of being seen, of being shown, of being revealed, of being brought to light

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to appear' or 'to shine'. It describes something that is in the process of appearing, being seen, or being revealed. It can refer to something that is becoming visible or manifest. In a sentence, it would function like an adjective or adverb, describing the state or action of another noun or verb, often indicating that something is 'the one appearing' or 'the one being seen'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΧΝΥΜΕΝΟΥ, ΕΚΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΥ

G0722

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-RO-trah

Translations: plow, a plow

Notes: This word refers to a plow, an agricultural implement used for tilling soil. It is typically used in contexts related to farming or preparing land for cultivation. In the provided examples, it is used metaphorically in phrases like 'beat swords into plows,' signifying a transformation from warfare to peaceful agricultural pursuits.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Etymology: The word ἄροτρον (arotron) comes from the verb ἀρόω (aroō), meaning 'to plow.' It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erh₃-, which also means 'to plow.'

G2218

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: zy-GAH

Translations: yokes, pairs of scales, balances, pairs, teams

Notes: This word refers to a wooden bar or frame, typically placed on the necks of two animals (like oxen) to harness them together for plowing or pulling a cart. It can also refer to a pair of scales or a balance used for weighing, or more generally, a pair or a team of things. Metaphorically, it can represent a burden, servitude, or submission.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΖΕΥΓΟΣ, ΣΤΑΘΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to join' or 'to yoke'.

G1343

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nays

Translations: of righteousness, of justice, of a righteousness, of a justice

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right, just, or righteous. It encompasses both the state of being right with God and the act of doing what is right. It is often used in a theological context to describe divine justice or human uprightness.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns, indicating a state or quality.

G1756

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: en-er-GAY

Translations: active, effective, powerful, an active thing, an effective thing, a powerful thing

Notes: This word describes something that is active, effective, or powerful. It is used to characterize something that has the capacity to work or produce an effect. It can refer to something that is operative, efficient, or potent in its action.

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Feminine, Singular; or Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΠΡΑΚΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἐνεργής (energēs) comes from the Greek prefix ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'within', and ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. Thus, it literally means 'in work' or 'at work', referring to something that is active or effective.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G4302

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-E-fayn

Translations: I said before, I spoke before, I foretold

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to speak before', 'to say in advance', or 'to foretell'. It is often used to refer to something that has already been stated or prophesied. It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before', and the verb φημί (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΛΕΓΩ, ΠΡΟΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word προφημί (prophēmi) is a compound verb derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb φημί (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'.

G1968

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEP-tee

Translations: fell upon, fell on, fell

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ἐπιπίπτω' (epipiptō), meaning 'to fall upon' or 'to fall on'. It describes an action of falling or descending onto something or someone, often with a sense of suddenness or impact. It can be used in various contexts, such as a person falling on the ground, a spirit falling upon someone, or a shadow falling upon an object.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ

G3748

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HEE-tis

Translations: who, which, whoever, whichever, whatever

Notes: ΗΤΙΣ is a relative pronoun, used to introduce a clause that describes a preceding noun. It is a compound word formed from the definite article and the indefinite pronoun. It functions similarly to 'who' or 'which' in English, often providing additional information about a person or thing. It is used in a descriptive sense, often emphasizing the quality or characteristic of the antecedent.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the feminine definite article 'ἡ' (he) and the indefinite pronoun 'τις' (tis). It developed in Koine Greek to provide a more emphatic or descriptive relative pronoun than the simple 'ὅς' (hos).

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GO-meh-nee

Translations: being called, being said, called, said, named, so-called, a called, a said, a named

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being called' or 'being said'. It is often used to describe something that is 'so-called' or 'named', indicating a common designation or a descriptive title. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗ, ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΛΕΓΩ (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-, meaning 'to gather, collect', which evolved to mean 'to pick out words, speak'.

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-SO-poo

Translations: of face, of countenance, of presence, of person, of a face, of a countenance, of a presence, of a person

Notes: This word refers primarily to the 'face' or 'countenance' of a person or thing. It can also denote 'presence' or 'appearance'. In a broader sense, it can refer to the 'person' or 'individual' themselves. It is often used in phrases like 'from the face of' or 'before the face of' to mean 'from the presence of' or 'before the presence of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ' is derived from the Greek preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ὤψ' (ōps), meaning 'eye' or 'face'. It literally means 'that which is before the eyes' or 'that which is turned towards'.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: leh-GON-tos

Translations: of saying, of speaking, of telling, of calling, of meaning

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ', meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a genitive participle, it often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of an action, such as 'while saying' or 'when he was speaking'. It can also function adjectivally, modifying a noun in the genitive case, meaning 'of the one saying'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΡΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

G3754

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-per

Translations: the very thing which, which, whatsoever, as, just as

Notes: ΟΠΕΡ is an intensive relative pronoun, meaning 'the very thing which' or 'whatsoever'. It is used to emphasize the preceding noun or idea, often functioning as a stronger form of 'which' or 'what'. It can introduce a clause that specifies or elaborates on something already mentioned, or it can indicate a cause or reason.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: Ο, ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ

Etymology: ΟΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'who, which, what', and the enclitic particle περ (per), which adds emphasis or intensity, often translated as 'just, even, indeed'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: leh-GEH-sthai

Translations: to be said, to be spoken, to be called, to be told

Notes: This word is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), which means 'to say' or 'to speak'. Therefore, 'λέγεσθαι' means 'to be said' or 'to be spoken'. It can also mean 'to be called' or 'to be named' in certain contexts. It is used to express an action that is being done to the subject, rather than by the subject, and functions as a verbal noun.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΠΕΙΝ, ΦΑΝΑΙ, ΛΑΛΕΙΝ

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1080

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-GEN-nee-kah

Translations: I have begotten, I have given birth to, I have produced

Notes: This word means 'I have begotten' or 'I have given birth to'. It is a perfect tense verb, indicating an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It is used to describe the act of bringing something into existence, whether literally (like a child) or figuratively (like an idea or a nation).

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΤΙΚΤΩ, ΦΥΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: The word γεννάω (gennaō) comes from the Greek root γένος (genos), meaning 'race, stock, kin'. It is related to the idea of lineage and procreation.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ghee-NES-thai

Translations: to become, to happen, to be, to come into being, to be born, to arise, to come to pass

Notes: This verb is very common in Koine Greek and has a broad range of meanings, primarily related to something coming into existence, happening, or changing state. It can describe a process of becoming, an event taking place, or a person being born. It is often used impersonally to mean 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generate' in English.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G1108