2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KAH-kon

Translations: evil, bad, harmful, wicked, a bad thing, an evil thing, a wrong, a misfortune, a disaster

Notes: This word describes something that is bad, evil, or harmful. It can refer to moral wickedness, physical harm, or general poor quality. When used as a substantive (like a noun), it refers to an evil thing, a wrong, or a misfortune. It can be used to describe actions, intentions, or conditions.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek or from an unknown root.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-non

Translations: that (one), him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something distant in space or time, or something previously mentioned or understood from the context. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, meaning 'that one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'that [noun]'. In this form, it is used for a masculine singular object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ὉΔΕ

Etymology: The word ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ (ekeinos) is derived from the adverb ἐκεῖ (ekei), meaning 'there'. It refers to something 'over there' or 'that one there', indicating distance.

G3366

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEE-deh

Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not

Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G3982

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peis-THEN-tes

Translations: having been persuaded, having obeyed, having trusted, having been convinced

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'peithō', meaning 'to persuade' or 'to trust'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subjects have undergone the process of being persuaded, convinced, or having come to trust/obey. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb in the sentence, often indicating the reason or circumstance for another action.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΕΣ, ΠΕΠΕΙΣΜΕΝΟΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4641

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sklay-roh-kar-DEE-an

Translations: hardness of heart, a hardness of heart, stubbornness, obstinacy

Notes: This is a compound noun meaning 'hardness of heart' or 'stubbornness'. It refers to a state of spiritual insensitivity or resistance to God's will and truth. It describes a person who is unyielding, unrepentant, and unwilling to listen or change, often used in a negative sense regarding spiritual or moral obduracy.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΙΘΕΙΑ, ΣΚΛΗΡΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: σκληρός (sklēros), meaning 'hard' or 'harsh', and καρδία (kardia), meaning 'heart'. It literally means 'hard-heartedness'.

G3780

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OOKH-ee

Translations: no, not at all, by no means, certainly not

Notes: This word is a strong negative adverb, meaning 'no' or 'not at all'. It is used to express a definite and emphatic denial, often in response to a question or to strongly contradict a statement. It is a more emphatic form of the negative particle οὐ (ou).

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ

Etymology: From οὐ (ou), meaning 'not', and the enclitic particle -χι (-chi), which adds emphasis. It is a more emphatic form of the simple negative particle.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1453

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eng-GHEE-noh-meh-neen

Translations: being in, inherent, arising, existing in, a being in, an inherent, an arising

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἐγγίνομαι', meaning 'to be in', 'to arise in', or 'to be inherent'. As a participle, it describes something that is existing within, arising from, or inherent to something else. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate an ongoing state or action of being present or originating from within.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΝΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΕΝΟΙΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'ἐγγίνομαι' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'within', and the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to be born', or 'to come into being'. Thus, it literally means 'to come into being in' or 'to be born in'.

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: ep-AY-day

Translations: since, because, for, inasmuch as, seeing that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause that provides a reason or cause for the main clause. It can be translated as 'since,' 'because,' or 'for,' indicating a logical connection between events or statements. It is often found at the beginning of a sentence or clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΓΑΡ, ΕΠΕΙ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi, 'upon, on') and the conjunction ἘΠΕΙ (epei, 'when, since'), with the particle ΔΗ (de, 'indeed, now'). It emphasizes the causal relationship.

G4592

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: say-MAY-on

Translations: sign, a sign, mark, a mark, miracle, a miracle, wonder, a wonder

Notes: This word refers to a sign, a mark, or an indication of something. It can also denote a miracle or a wonder, especially one that serves as a divine sign or attestation. It is used to point to something, to distinguish it, or to signify a future event. In a sentence, it might be used like 'the sign of the times' or 'he performed a great sign'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΡΑΣ, ΕΝΔΕΙΞΙΣ, ΣΥΜΒΟΛΟΝ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek verb σημαίνω (sēmainō), meaning 'to show, signify, or indicate'. It is related to σῆμα (sēma), meaning 'a mark, sign, or token'.

G1325

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: deh-doh-MEH-nay

Translations: given, having been given, a given (thing)

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun that has received the action of being given. It indicates a completed action with ongoing results, meaning something that has been given and remains in that state. It can be used to describe a person or thing that has been handed over, granted, or delivered.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1342

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-kah-ee-oh-prax-EE-as

Translations: of righteous deed, of an act of righteousness, of a righteous act

Notes: This word refers to an act of righteousness or a righteous deed. It is a compound word formed from 'δίκαιος' (dikaios), meaning 'righteous' or 'just', and 'πρᾶξις' (praxis), meaning 'a doing' or 'an act'. It describes actions that are morally right and in accordance with divine or human law. It is used to denote the performance of what is just or right.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ, ΕΡΓΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΚΑΙΟΠΡΑΞΙΑ is a compound noun derived from the adjective ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ (dikaios), meaning 'righteous' or 'just', and the noun ΠΡΑΞΙΣ (praxis), meaning 'a doing' or 'an act'. It literally means 'a doing of righteousness'.

G2041

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ER-gon

Translations: work, a work, deed, act, task, business

Notes: This word refers to a work, deed, or action. It can describe anything that is done, whether it's a physical labor, a moral act, or a task to be accomplished. It is often used to denote the result of an action or the activity itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΙΣ, ΔΟΥΛΕΙΑ, ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'ergon' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-, meaning 'to do' or 'to work'. It is related to English words like 'work' and 'energy'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G0031

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nahg-KAH-zoh-see

Translations: they compel, they force, they urge, they constrain

Notes: This word means to compel, force, or constrain someone to do something. It is used to describe an action where one person or group exerts pressure or authority over another, making them act against their will or inclination. It can also imply a strong urging or persuasion.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΒΙΑΖΩ, ΠΕΙΘΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναγκάζω (anankazō) comes from ἀνάγκη (anankē), meaning 'necessity' or 'compulsion'. It implies an action driven by necessity or force.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G4218

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G0750

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khi-sy-na-GO-goi

Translations: rulers of the synagogue, synagogue leaders, a ruler of the synagogue, a synagogue leader

Notes: This word refers to the officials responsible for the administration and management of a synagogue. They were typically prominent members of the community who oversaw the services, invited speakers, and maintained order. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀρχι-' (archi-), meaning 'chief' or 'first', and 'συναγωγός' (synagogos), meaning 'leader of an assembly' or 'one who gathers'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (archi-, 'chief') and συναγωγός (synagogos, 'leader of an assembly').

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G0680

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: HAP-toh-meh-nos

Translations: touching, laying hold of, grasping, clinging to, a toucher, one who touches

Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb ἅπτω (haptō), meaning 'to touch' or 'to lay hold of'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and can function adjectivally (describing a noun) or adverbially (modifying a verb). It often implies a close or intimate contact, sometimes with the sense of clinging to or grasping something.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΘΙΓΓΑΝΩΝ, ΕΦΑΠΤΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G2100

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: yoo-ah-RES-tone

Translations: pleasing, well-pleasing, acceptable, being well-pleasing, being acceptable

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being well-pleasing' or 'being acceptable'. It describes an ongoing state or action of pleasing someone or being acceptable in someone's sight. It can function adjectivally (describing a noun) or adverbially (modifying a verb).

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΡΕΣΚΩΝ, ΔΟΚΙΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word Εὐαρεστέω (euaresteō) is a compound word formed from εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and ἀρέσκω (areskō), meaning 'to please'. Thus, it literally means 'to please well' or 'to be well-pleasing'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loo

Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot

Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G0025

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: ee-gah-pee-MEH-noo

Translations: beloved, a beloved one, of the beloved, of a beloved one, dear, of the dear, of a dear one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, functioning as an adjective or a substantive. It describes someone or something that has been, or is, loved. It can be used to refer to a 'beloved one' or to describe something as 'beloved' or 'dear'. In the genitive case, as seen here, it indicates possession or relationship, meaning 'of the beloved' or 'belonging to the beloved'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΥ, ΑΓΑΘΟΥ

Etymology: The word ἀγαπάω (agapaō) comes from ἀγάπη (agapē), meaning 'love'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is a key term in the New Testament, often referring to a selfless, divine love.

G2516

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-THAP-toh-meh-nos

Translations: laying hold of, seizing, attacking, assailing, reproaching, rebuking

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'kathaptō'. It describes the action of laying hold of something or someone, often with the implication of seizing, attacking, or assailing. It can also be used metaphorically to mean reproaching or rebuking someone, indicating a verbal attack.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΕΛΕΓΧΩ

Etymology: The word καθάπτω (kathaptō) is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἅπτω (haptō), meaning 'to fasten', 'to touch', or 'to lay hold of'.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G0667

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-deh-DEEK-tai

Translations: it has been shown, it has been demonstrated, it has been proved, it has been appointed

Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect passive indicative form of the verb ἀποδείκνυμι (apodeiknymi). It is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and δείκνυμι (deiknymi, 'to show, to point out'). In this form, it means that something has been definitively shown, demonstrated, or proven, often with a sense of official declaration or clear evidence. It implies a completed action with lasting results, indicating that a fact or truth has been established.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΔΕΙΧΘΑΙ, ΠΕΦΑΝΕΡΩΤΑΙ

G4601

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: see-GOHN-tohn

Translations: of being silent, of keeping silent, of those being silent, of those keeping silent

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to be silent' or 'to keep silent'. It describes the action of a group of people or things that are in the state of being silent. It is often used to indicate a concurrent action, meaning 'while they were silent' or 'because they were silent'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΣΙΩΠΑΩ, ΗΣΥΧΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΙΓΑΩ (sigaō) comes from the root σιγή (sigē), meaning 'silence'.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pon

Translations: I said, I spoke, he said, he spoke, they said, they spoke, to say, to speak

Notes: ΕἸΠΟΝ is an aorist form of the verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is often used as the aorist tense of the verb λέγω (legō). It describes an action that occurred in the past, without specifying its duration or completion. It can be translated as 'I said', 'he said', or 'they said' depending on the context and the implied subject, as the form itself is ambiguous regarding person and number (it can be 1st singular, 3rd singular, or 3rd plural). It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1124

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: grah-FAS

Translations: writings, scriptures, a writing, a scripture

Notes: This word refers to writings or documents, often specifically to the sacred scriptures. It is used to denote written records, letters, or any form of written communication. In a religious context, it frequently refers to the Old Testament or the entire body of sacred texts.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΦΗ (graphē) comes from the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It refers to the act or result of writing.

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEH-goh

Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean

Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G1834

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-ay-GAY-san-toh

Translations: they explained, they interpreted, they narrated, they declared

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (out of) and the verb 'ἡγέομαι' (to lead, to consider). It means to lead out in narrative or explanation, hence to explain, interpret, or narrate in detail. It describes the act of making something clear or understandable through a thorough account.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΜΗΝΕΥΩ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OW-tas

Translations: them, themselves

Notes: This word is a pronoun meaning 'them' or 'themselves'. It is used to refer to a group of feminine nouns or persons in the accusative case, indicating that they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can function as a simple pronoun or as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the subjects themselves.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΦΑΣ, ΣΦΕΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient Greek pronoun that has been in use since classical times, referring to 'self' or 'same', and developing into a general third-person pronoun.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G3986

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PEI-rahn

Translations: trial, a trial, test, a test, attempt, an attempt, experience, an experience

Notes: This word refers to a trial, test, or attempt, often implying an experience or proof of something. It can be used in contexts where someone is put to the test, or when an effort is made to achieve something. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΗ, ΒΑΣΑΝΟΣ, ΕΜΠΕΙΡΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb πεῖρα (peira), meaning 'to try, to test'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *per- meaning 'to try, to risk'.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-poy-OO-meen

Translations: I was making, I was doing, I was producing, I was creating, I was performing, I was being made, I was being done

Notes: This word is a verb in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing or repeated action in the past. As a middle or passive voice form, it can mean 'I was doing something for myself' (middle) or 'I was being made/done' (passive). It describes an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G3759

Part of Speech: Interjection

Sounds like: OO-ah-ee

Translations: Woe, alas

Notes: This word is an exclamation used to express lament, grief, or warning. It is often translated as 'woe' or 'alas' and can be used to pronounce a curse or a solemn warning of impending disaster or judgment. It is typically followed by the person or thing to whom the 'woe' is directed, often in the dative case or introduced by a preposition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word 'οὐαι' is of imitative origin, mimicking a cry of lamentation. It is found in various forms across different languages, suggesting a common, ancient root for such an exclamation.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G1011

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: beh-boo-LEU-n-tai

Translations: they have planned, they have purposed, they have deliberated, they have taken counsel

Notes: This word is a perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'βουλεύω' (bouleuō), meaning 'to counsel, plan, or deliberate'. In this perfect passive form, it indicates an action that has been completed in the past and whose results continue into the present, specifically that a plan or counsel has been formed or decided upon by a group. It describes a state of having made a decision or formed a purpose.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΑΙΡΕΩ

G1012

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BOO-layn

Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will

Notes: This word refers to a counsel, plan, or purpose, often implying a deliberate decision or intention. It can be used to describe human plans or, frequently in the New Testament, the divine will or purpose of God. It is used in sentences to indicate the object of an action, such as 'to know the counsel' or 'to understand the plan'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΑ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē) comes from the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, to wish, to intend'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-nee-RAN

Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, mischievous, an evil, a wicked, a bad, a harmful, a mischievous

Notes: This word describes something as evil, wicked, or bad, often with a connotation of being harmful or mischievous. It can refer to moral depravity, physical affliction, or something that causes trouble. It is used to qualify a feminine singular noun in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of an action or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G2021

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEE-neng-kah

Translations: I brought upon, I brought against, I inflicted, I added, I brought forward

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'against') and the verb φέρω (pherō, meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'). In its aorist form, it means to bring something upon or against someone or something, to inflict, or to add. It can also mean to bring forward or present something.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ, ΕΙΣΦΕΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΦΕΡΩ is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'against', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. The root φέρω comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'.

G0142

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-ROH-men

Translations: let us take up, let us lift, let us carry, let us remove, let us destroy

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to take up,' 'to lift,' 'to carry,' 'to remove,' or 'to destroy.' It is used here in the first person plural subjunctive, indicating a suggestion or exhortation, like 'let us take up' or 'we should take up.' The meaning can vary depending on the context, often referring to taking something away or lifting it up.

Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present, Subjunctive, Active

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΝΕΧΩ

G1424

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: doos-KHRAY-stos

Translations: unprofitable, useless, troublesome, inconvenient

Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'unprofitable' or 'useless'. It describes something or someone that is difficult to use, harmful, or not beneficial. It can also refer to something that is troublesome or inconvenient. It is often used to describe a person who is a hindrance or an obstacle.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ, ΑΝΩΦΕΛΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΥΣΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ is a compound of two Greek elements: the prefix ΔΥΣ- (dys-), meaning 'bad', 'difficult', or 'un-', and the adjective ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ (chrestos), meaning 'useful', 'good', or 'serviceable'. Thus, it literally means 'badly useful' or 'difficult to use'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G0746

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-KHEE

Translations: beginning, a beginning, rule, a rule, ruler, a ruler, first, origin, a first, a ruler, dominion, a dominion, principality, a principality

Notes: This word refers to the beginning of something, the first in a series, or the origin. It can also denote a position of authority, rule, or dominion, and by extension, the person holding such authority (a ruler or magistrate). It is used to describe the starting point of time, a sequence, or a source of power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΡΧΗ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ergʰ-, meaning 'to begin, rule'. It is related to words signifying 'first' or 'chief'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G3658

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-mee-LEE-ahs

Translations: of conversation, of association, of company, of discourse, a conversation, an association, a company, a discourse

Notes: This word refers to a conversation, association, or company. It can describe the act of conversing or the group of people one associates with. It is used to denote social interaction, discourse, or companionship.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΔΙΑΛΟΓΟΣ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ὁμιλέω (homileō), meaning 'to be in company with', 'to associate with', or 'to converse with'.

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-PON-tos

Translations: of saying, of speaking, of telling, of declaring

Notes: This word is a participle, meaning 'of saying' or 'of speaking'. It is derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), which means 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a genitive participle, it often indicates the person or thing that is doing the action of speaking, especially in a dependent clause or a genitive absolute construction, functioning similarly to 'when he said' or 'after he had spoken'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

G3754

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-per

Translations: the very thing which, which, whatsoever, as, just as

Notes: ΟΠΕΡ is an intensive relative pronoun, meaning 'the very thing which' or 'whatsoever'. It is used to emphasize the preceding noun or idea, often functioning as a stronger form of 'which' or 'what'. It can introduce a clause that specifies or elaborates on something already mentioned, or it can indicate a cause or reason.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: Ο, ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ

Etymology: ΟΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'who, which, what', and the enclitic particle περ (per), which adds emphasis or intensity, often translated as 'just, even, indeed'.

G1210

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DAY-so-men

Translations: we may bind, we might bind, we should bind, we must bind

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to bind' or 'to tie'. It is used to express the action of fastening or securing something, or metaphorically, to obligate or prohibit. In this form, it indicates a potential or desired action by a group ('we').

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΕΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to tie, bind'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G1779

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-EE-koh-ohs

Translations: attentively, obediently, carefully, with attention

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'attentively' or 'obediently'. It describes an action performed with careful listening or a willingness to obey. It is often used to indicate that someone has heard something thoroughly or has paid close attention to what was said.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΚΤΙΚΩΣ, ΥΠΑΚΟΩΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΗΚΟΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΕΝΗΚΟΟΣ (enēkoos), meaning 'attentive' or 'obedient', which itself comes from the prefix ἐν (en, 'in') and the verb ἀκούω (akouō, 'to hear').

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-gohn

Translations: of words, of sayings, of accounts, of reasons, of messages, of speeches, of reports, of doctrines

Notes: ΛΟΓΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΛΟΓΟΣ (logos). The word ΛΟΓΟΣ is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a very broad range of meanings, including 'word,' 'speech,' 'account,' 'reason,' 'message,' 'report,' 'doctrine,' or 'principle.' In its genitive plural form, ΛΟΓΩΝ indicates possession, origin, or relation to multiple 'words' or 'concepts.' It is used to express 'of words' or 'belonging to words' in a sentence.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΤΩΝ, ΜΥΘΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G4009

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PEH-ras

Translations: end, a limit, a boundary, a goal, a conclusion

Notes: This word refers to an end, a limit, or a boundary. It can denote the termination of something, a physical border, or the ultimate goal or conclusion of an action or process. It is often used to indicate that something is without limit or endless when combined with a negative.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΟΡΙΟΝ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the root *per-, meaning 'to pass through, to go beyond'. It refers to the point where one passes through or reaches the limit.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-EE-sthai

Translations: to make, to do, to create, to produce, to perform, to cause, to bring about, to appoint, to observe, to celebrate

Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō). It generally means 'to make' or 'to do', but in the middle voice, it often implies 'to make for oneself' or 'to do for oneself', or 'to cause to be done'. It can also be used idiomatically in various contexts, such as 'to perform' an action, 'to celebrate' a festival, or 'to appoint' someone. It is a very common and versatile verb in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G4369

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: pros-THEIS

Translations: adding, having added, putting to, moreover, furthermore, in addition

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'προστίθημι', meaning 'to put to', 'to add', or 'to give besides'. As a participle, it functions adverbially, often indicating an action completed prior to the main verb, or providing additional information. It can convey the sense of 'having added' or simply 'adding', and is frequently used to introduce a new point or action, similar to 'furthermore' or 'moreover' in English.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΑΝΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word προστίθημι is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to put' or 'to place'.

G2046

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: ee-RAY-may-noys

Translations: spoken, said, what has been said, things said, words spoken

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'to speak' or 'to say'. It describes something that has already been spoken or said. It is often used substantively, meaning 'the things that have been said' or 'the words spoken'. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative plural, indicating 'to/for the things that have been said'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΦΑΝΕΝΟΙΣ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: it, itself, the same

Notes: This word is a versatile pronoun and adjective. As a pronoun, it typically means 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or 'they,' depending on its gender and number. When used as an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or serve as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the noun it modifies, such as 'himself,' 'herself,' 'itself,' or 'themselves.' Its meaning is highly dependent on its grammatical case, number, and gender within a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'that, that one.' It developed into the Greek pronoun and adjective 'autos,' retaining its core sense of identity or self.

G1823

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pex-er-ga-SAS-thai

Translations: to work out, to elaborate, to cultivate, to accomplish, to finish, to perfect

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, in addition), 'ἐκ' (out of), and 'ἐργάζομαι' (to work). It means to work something out thoroughly, to elaborate on it, or to bring it to completion. It implies a detailed and careful process of working on something until it is fully developed or perfected.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΚΑΤΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

G0302