Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint / Psalms / Chapter 22Psalms, Chapter 22
Interlinear version from Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint (Beta)
G5568
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: psal-MOS
Translations: psalm, a psalm, song, a song
Notes: This word refers to a psalm or a sacred song, often accompanied by stringed instruments. It is commonly used in the context of religious hymns or poetic compositions, particularly those found in the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It can be used to describe the act of singing or playing such a song.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΥΜΝΟΣ, ΩΔΗ
Etymology: From ψάλλω (psallō, "to pluck, play a stringed instrument"). It originally referred to the plucking of a stringed instrument, then to the song sung to the accompaniment of such an instrument.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G1138
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: dah-oo-EED
Translations: David
Notes: This is the Greek form of the Hebrew name David, who was the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah. He is a central figure in the Old Testament and is often referred to as 'the son of Jesse'. The name is used to refer to the historical figure.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The name Δαυείδ (Daueid) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name דָּוִד (Dawid), meaning 'beloved' or 'uncle'.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss
Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir
Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.
G4165
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-MAI-nay
Translations: he shepherds, he tends, he feeds, he rules, he governs
Notes: This word describes the action of a shepherd, literally meaning to feed or tend a flock of sheep. Metaphorically, it is often used to describe the act of ruling, guiding, or caring for people, much like a shepherd cares for their flock. It implies leadership, protection, and provision.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΒΟΣΚΩ, ΝΕΜΩ, ΚΥΒΕΡΝΑΩ
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DEN
Translations: nothing, none, not any, no one
Notes: This word is a negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one' when used as a pronoun, and 'not any' or 'no' when used as an adjective. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the indefinite pronoun εἷς (heis, 'one'). It is used to express absolute negation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝΟΣ
G5302
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoos-teh-REH-see
Translations: will lack, will fall short, will be behind, will be inferior, will fail, will suffer need
Notes: This word describes the action of being in need, lacking something, falling short of a standard, or being inferior. It can also mean to be behind in time or to fail to achieve something. It is often used to express a state of deficiency or want.
Inflection: Future Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΛΛΕΙΨΩ, ΛΕΙΨΩ, ΕΝΔΕΗΣΩ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TO-pon
Translations: place, a place, region, a region, spot, a spot, location, a location
Notes: This word refers to a specific physical location, area, or region. It can be used to denote a particular spot, a general area, or even a position or status. For example, it might be used to say 'this place' or 'in that region'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΟΙΚΟΣ
G5514
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHLO-ays
Translations: of grass, of green herb, of green growth
Notes: This word refers to green vegetation, such as grass or young plants. It is often used to describe the fresh, green growth found in fields or meadows. In a sentence, it would typically indicate the source or material of something, for example, 'the color of grass' or 'a field of green growth'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΟΡΤΟΣ, ΒΟΤΑΝΗ
Etymology: From a root meaning 'green' or 'pale green'. It is related to words describing fresh, young growth.
G1563
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-KAY
Translations: there, in that place
Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'there' or 'in that place'. It is used to indicate a specific location that has been previously mentioned or is understood from the context. It can describe where an action takes place or where something is situated.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΝΘΑ, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂
Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *eke- (that, there).
G2681
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tes-kee-NO-sen
Translations: he encamped, he settled, he dwelt, he lodged
Notes: This word describes the action of setting up a tent or dwelling, often implying a temporary or settled residence. It can mean to encamp, to settle down, or to dwell in a place. It is used to describe someone establishing a residence or lodging somewhere.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΜΕΝΩ, ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G5204
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-DAH-tos
Translations: of water
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'water'. It refers to the liquid substance essential for life. In a sentence, it indicates possession, origin, or relation, often translated as 'of water' or 'belonging to water'. For example, 'a cup of water' or 'the thirst of water'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
G0372
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-PAH-oo-seh-ohs
Translations: of rest, of repose, of refreshment, of a resting place
Notes: This word refers to a state of rest, cessation from labor, or a place where one can find repose. It implies a period of relief or refreshment after effort or activity. It is often used in contexts referring to physical rest, spiritual tranquility, or a place of peace.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ἩΣΥΧΙΑ, ΑΝΕΣΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ
G1625
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-ETH-rep-sen
Translations: nourished, brought up, reared
Notes: This word describes the act of nourishing, bringing up, or rearing someone or something. It implies providing care, sustenance, and education, much like a parent raises a child. It is used to indicate that someone has been nurtured from a young age to maturity.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΤΡΕΦΩ, ΘΡΕΦΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G5590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PSY-khen
Translations: soul, a soul, life, a life, mind, a mind, self, a self
Notes: This word refers to the soul, the principle of life, or the inner self. It can denote a person's life, their mind, or their spiritual essence. It is often used to describe the seat of emotions, desires, and affections, and can also refer to the individual person themselves.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
Etymology: From a root meaning 'to breathe', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe, to blow'.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G1994
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-STREF-sen
Translations: he returned, she returned, it returned, he turned back, she turned back, it turned back
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to turn around,' 'to turn back,' or 'to return.' It is often used to describe a physical turning or a return to a previous location or state. It can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to convert' or 'to repent,' indicating a turning away from one way of life and towards another. In the provided examples, it describes someone returning to a place or their people.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΥΠΟΝΟΣΤΕΩ, ΑΠΟΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G3594
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-dee-GAY-sen
Translations: he led, he guided, he conducted
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. It describes the action of showing the way or directing someone or something. It is used in the past tense, indicating that the action of leading or guiding has already occurred.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΚΑΘΟΔΗΓΕΩ, ΠΡΟΑΓΩ
Etymology: The word Ὁδηγέω (hodēgeō) is a compound word derived from Ὁδός (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road', and ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead'. Thus, it literally means 'to lead on a way' or 'to guide along a road'.
G5147
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TREE-boos
Translations: paths, ways, roads
Notes: ΤΡΙΒΟΥΣ is the plural form of the noun ΤΡΙΒΟΣ, meaning a path, way, or road. It refers to a beaten track or a well-trodden route. It can be used literally for physical paths or figuratively for a course of life or conduct.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΔΟΣ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ, ΑΤΡΑΠΟΣ
G1343
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nays
Translations: of righteousness, of justice, of a righteousness, of a justice
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right, just, or righteous. It encompasses both the state of being right with God and the act of doing what is right. It is often used in a theological context to describe divine justice or human uprightness.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns, indicating a state or quality.
G1752
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EN-eh-ken
Translations: because of, on account of, for the sake of, (of) for, (of) by reason of
Notes: ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an improper preposition that typically takes the genitive case, meaning 'because of' or 'on account of'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'for this reason' or 'therefore'. It is used to express the cause or reason behind an action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect; takes the genitive case when used as a preposition.
Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ
Etymology: The word ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an ancient Greek word, likely formed from the preposition 'en' (in) and a form related to 'heka' (on account of). It has been in use since classical Greek and continued into Koine Greek.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-NO-ma-tos
Translations: of name, of a name, of reputation, of character
Notes: This word refers to a name, a reputation, or a character. It is often used to denote the authority or person of someone, especially God or Christ. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'in the name of' to signify acting under someone's authority or representing them.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ, ΔΟΞΑ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ
Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: por-YOO-thoh
Translations: I will go, I will travel, I will depart, I will proceed, let me go, let us go
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to go,' 'to travel,' or 'to depart.' It is often used to describe movement from one place to another, whether physically or metaphorically. It can also imply a course of action or a way of life. The form 'ΠΟΡΕΥΘΩ' is typically a future passive indicative or an aorist subjunctive form, often translated as 'I will go' or 'let me go/let us go' depending on context and person.
Inflection: First Person, Singular or Plural, Future Passive Indicative or Aorist Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ (poreuomai) is derived from the noun πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way, a passage, a ford.' It signifies movement along a path or through a passage.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3319
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-soh
Translations: middle, midst, among, between, in the midst (of), (in the) middle (of), (among), (between)
Notes: This word refers to the middle or center of something. It is often used in a prepositional phrase, such as 'in the midst of' or 'among', indicating a position surrounded by others. It can also describe something that is intermediate or in between two points.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΕΣΩ
G4639
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: skee-AS
Translations: of shadow, of a shadow
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'σκιά' (skia), meaning 'shadow' or 'shade'. It refers to the darkness or partial darkness produced when light is blocked by an object. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something fleeting, insubstantial, or a mere outline, as life is often described as a 'shadow' in its brevity. In a sentence, it would typically function as a possessive or descriptive element, indicating something 'belonging to a shadow' or 'characteristic of a shadow'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΚΟΤΟΣ, ΣΚΟΤΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *skeh₃i-eh₂-, from *skeh₃- ('to shine, gleam'). The word refers to the absence of light, or the area where light is blocked.
G2288
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAH-nah-TOO
Translations: (of) death, (of) a death
Notes: This word refers to the state of being dead, the cessation of life, or the end of existence. It is often used to describe physical death, but can also refer to spiritual death or separation. In a sentence, it would typically indicate possession or origin, such as 'the power of death' or 'delivered from death'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΔΗΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to die'.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G5399
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: foh-bee-THEE-soh-mai
Translations: I will fear, I will be afraid, I will be terrified
Notes: This word is a future passive form of the verb 'phobeō' (to fear). In Koine Greek, it often functions as a deponent verb, meaning it has a passive form but an active meaning. Therefore, it typically translates to 'I will fear' or 'I will be afraid,' rather than 'I will be feared.' It describes a future state of being fearful or terrified.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΔΕΙΣΩ, ΤΑΡΑΣΣΩ
G2556
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: KAH-kah
Translations: evil things, bad things, evils, misfortunes, troubles, a bad thing, an evil thing
Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. As 'ΚΑΚΑ', it typically functions as a neuter plural noun or adjective, referring to 'evil things', 'bad things', 'misfortunes', or 'troubles'. It describes things that are morally wrong, harmful, or unpleasant. For example, it can be used to speak of calamities or wicked deeds.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΑ, ΦΑΥΛΑ, ΒΛΑΒΕΡΑ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun meaning 'you' (singular). It is used when addressing a single person directly, typically as the subject of a sentence. It can also be used emphatically to highlight the person being addressed.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Second Person
Etymology: The word 'ΣΥ' is an ancient Greek pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been consistently used throughout various stages of the Greek language to refer to the second person singular.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to
Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my
Notes: This is the genitive case of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, functioning similarly to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It is used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
Synonyms: ΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the first-person singular pronoun, indicating the speaker.
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G4464
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: RAHB-dos
Translations: rod, a rod, staff, a staff, scepter, a scepter, club, a club, stick, a stick
Notes: This word refers to a rod, staff, or stick, often used for support, as a weapon, or as a symbol of authority (like a scepter). It can also metaphorically represent discipline or punishment. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΞΥΛΟΝ, ΒΑΚΤΗΡΙΑ, ΜΑΣΤΙΞ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek, possibly Mediterranean, origin.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G0914
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bak-tee-REE-ah
Translations: staff, a staff, rod, a rod, stick, a stick
Notes: This word refers to a staff, rod, or stick. It can be used as a walking stick for support, a shepherd's rod, or a symbol of authority or discipline. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΡΑΒΔΟΣ, ΞΥΛΟΝ
Etymology: The word 'ΒΑΚΤΗΡΙΑ' comes from the Greek word 'βάκτρον' (baktron), meaning 'staff' or 'stick'. It is related to the verb 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to walk', indicating its use as a walking aid.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TAI
Translations: these, they, themselves
Notes: This word is a feminine plural form of the pronoun 'autos'. It can function as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'these' (referring to feminine nouns), an intensive pronoun meaning 'themselves' (emphasizing the feminine subject), or a personal pronoun meaning 'they' (referring to feminine subjects). Its specific meaning depends on the context within a sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Feminine
G3870
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-ek-AL-eh-san
Translations: they called to, they exhorted, they encouraged, they comforted, they appealed to, they pleaded with, they invited
Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist active indicative, third person plural. It describes an action completed in the past by a group of people. The verb 'παρακαλέω' generally means to call someone to one's side, and from that, it can take on various meanings depending on the context, such as to exhort, encourage, comfort, appeal to, or invite. It often implies a strong request or a supportive action.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΡΕΠΩ, ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ
G2090
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: heh-toy-MAH-sas
Translations: you prepared, you made ready, you got ready
Notes: This word means 'you prepared' or 'you made ready'. It is used to describe an action that was completed in the past by a single person (you). For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'You prepared the meal' or 'You made ready the way'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ, ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ
Etymology: The word ἑτοιμάζω (hetoimazō) comes from the adjective ἕτοιμος (hetoimos), meaning 'ready' or 'prepared'.
G1799
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: en-OH-pee-on
Translations: before, in the presence of, in the sight of, (of) before, (of) in the presence of, (of) in the sight of
Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in the presence of'. It can also be used as a preposition with the genitive case, meaning 'in the presence of' or 'in the sight of' someone or something. It often conveys the idea of being directly in front of, or under the observation of, another.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); functions as a preposition with the genitive case.
Synonyms: ἘΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ
Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the preposition ἘΝ (en, meaning 'in') and the noun ὬΨ (ōps, meaning 'face' or 'eye'). It literally means 'in the face of' or 'in the sight of'.
G5132
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tra-PEH-zan
Translations: table, a table, bank, a bank, money-changer's table
Notes: This word refers to a table, often used for eating or for conducting business, such as exchanging money. It can also refer to a bank or a money-changer's stall. In a sentence, it would typically function as the object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΙΟΝ, ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑΡΙΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ comes from the Greek prefix τετρα- (tetra-), meaning 'four', and the word πέζα (peza), meaning 'foot' or 'edge'. Thus, it literally means 'four-footed', referring to a table.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ex
Translations: out of, from, of, by, with
Notes: ἘΞ is a preposition that signifies origin, separation, or source. It always governs the genitive case. It can denote movement 'out of' a place, 'from' a point in time or a source, 'of' a material or composition, or 'by' an agent. It often implies a complete separation or a clear point of departure.
Inflection: Does not inflect; always takes the genitive case.
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with Latin ex and English out.
G1727
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-nan-TEE-as
Translations: (of) opposite, (of) contrary, (of) hostile, (of) adverse
Notes: This word is the genitive singular feminine form of the adjective 'ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ', meaning 'opposite' or 'contrary'. It is often used in the adverbial phrase 'ἐξ ἐναντίας' (ex enantias), which means 'from the opposite side', 'opposite', 'in opposition', or 'face to face'. It describes something that is in opposition or contrary to something else.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΧΘΡΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G2346
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: thlee-BON-tone
Translations: of those who afflict, of those who oppress, of those who trouble, of those who distress
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'thlibo', meaning to press, squeeze, or afflict. As a participle, it describes the action of 'those who are pressing' or 'those who are afflicting'. It is used to refer to people or groups who cause distress or hardship.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΙΕΖΩ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ
Etymology: The word 'thlibo' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to press' or 'to crush'.
G3044
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-lee-PAH-nahs
Translations: you anointed, you made fat, you enriched
Notes: This word is a verb meaning "to anoint," "to make fat," or "to enrich." It is used to describe the act of applying oil or fat, often in a ceremonial or celebratory context, such as anointing someone's head with oil. It can also metaphorically mean to make something prosperous or abundant.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΧΡΙΩ, ΑΛΕΙΦΩ
G1636
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-LAI-oh
Translations: olive tree, olive, olive oil
Notes: This word refers to an olive tree, the fruit of the olive tree (olives), or the oil produced from olives (olive oil). It is used to describe the plant itself, its produce, or the product derived from it. In the provided examples, it appears in the genitive plural, referring to 'of the olive trees' or 'of the olives'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
G2776
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: keh-fah-LEEN
Translations: head, a head
Notes: This word refers to the physical head of a body. It can also be used metaphorically to denote a leader, chief, or origin, depending on the context, such as 'the head of a household' or 'the head of a river'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'head' or 'top' in other Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4221
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-TEE-ree-on
Translations: cup, a cup
Notes: This word refers to a drinking vessel, typically a cup or goblet. It is often used literally for a physical cup, but can also be used metaphorically to represent one's lot or destiny, especially in the context of suffering or divine judgment.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From the Greek word 'πότος' (potos), meaning 'a drinking', which itself comes from the verb 'πίνω' (pinō), meaning 'to drink'.
G3182
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: meh-THOOS-kon
Translations: making drunk, intoxicating, getting drunk, being drunk
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'μεθύσκω', meaning 'to make drunk' or 'to intoxicate'. It describes an ongoing action of causing someone or something to become drunk or intoxicated. It can also be used reflexively to mean 'getting drunk' or 'being drunk'. It is often used in contexts related to wine or strong drink, but can also be used metaphorically.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΕΘΥΩ, ΟΙΝΟΦΛΥΓΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'μεθύσκω' is derived from 'μέθη' (methē), meaning 'drunkenness' or 'intoxication'. It is an inchoative verb, indicating the beginning or process of becoming drunk.
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G2909
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kra-TIS-ton
Translations: best, most excellent, most powerful, the best thing, the most excellent thing
Notes: This word is the superlative form of an adjective, meaning 'best' or 'most excellent'. It can refer to the highest quality or the greatest power. In some contexts, it is used as a title of respect, similar to 'most excellent' or 'Your Excellency', particularly when addressing high-ranking officials or esteemed individuals. It can also refer to the best or most excellent of things.
Inflection: Superlative, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΟΣ, ΑΓΑΘΩΤΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word derives from the Greek root κράτος (kratos), meaning 'strength', 'power', or 'might'. The superlative form indicates the highest degree of these qualities.
G1656
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EH-leh-os
Translations: mercy, a mercy, compassion, pity
Notes: ἘΛΕΟΣ refers to active compassion, pity, or mercy, often extended by a superior to an inferior, or by God to humanity. It implies a deep feeling of sympathy that leads to practical help or forgiveness. It is frequently used in the context of God's benevolent actions towards His people.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΟΣ, ΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΑ
Etymology: The etymology of ἘΛΕΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to a root meaning 'to feel pity' or 'to be moved by compassion'.
G2627
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-dee-OHX-eh-tai
Translations: will pursue, will chase down, will persecute
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb 'διώκω' (diōkō), meaning 'to pursue' or 'to chase'. Therefore, 'καταδιώξεται' means 'will pursue down' or 'will chase after relentlessly'. It describes an action of vigorous and determined pursuit, often with hostile intent, such as chasing an enemy or persecuting someone.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΙΩΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sas
Translations: all, every, whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or entirety of something. In the provided examples, it modifies feminine plural nouns, indicating 'all' of those nouns. For instance, 'ΠΑΣΑΣ ΤΑΣ ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑΣ ΥΜΩΝ' means 'all your sins'.
Inflection: Feminine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HEM-eh-ras
Translations: day, a day, of day, of a day, days
Notes: The word refers to a day, a period of 24 hours, or the daylight portion of a day. It is a feminine noun and can be used in various grammatical cases to indicate different relationships in a sentence. For example, it can denote a duration of time (e.g., 'three days') or a point in time (e.g., 'on that day').
Inflection: Feminine, Genitive Singular or Accusative Plural
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G2222
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ZOH-ays
Translations: (of) life, (of) a life
Notes: Ζωῆς (zōēs) is the genitive singular form of the noun ζωή (zōē), which means 'life'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of life' or 'belonging to life'. It can refer to physical life, spiritual life, or a way of living. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the word of life' or 'the tree of life'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G2730
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-toy-KAYN
Translations: to dwell, to inhabit, to reside, to live
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ. It means to dwell, inhabit, or reside in a place. It is often used to describe someone living in a house, city, or country, or even a spiritual dwelling. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'in', and the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (OIKEŌ), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to live'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΕΝΟΙΚΕΩ, ΠΑΡΟΙΚΕΩ
Etymology: The verb ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ is a compound of the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'in', and the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (OIKEŌ), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to live'. It literally means 'to dwell down' or 'to settle in'.
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-koh
Translations: (to) house, (to) household, (to) family, (to) temple, (to) home
Notes: This word refers to a house, a dwelling place, or a building. It can also refer to a household, meaning the family and all who live within the house, or more broadly, a lineage or a family line. In a religious context, it can refer to a temple or the house of God. The form ΟἸΚΩ is the dative singular, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΟΣ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-OO
Translations: of Lord, of the Lord, of God, of the Master
Notes: This word refers to a lord, master, or owner. In religious contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, often as a title of reverence and authority. It can be used in sentences like 'the house of the Lord' or 'the word of the Lord'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios) derives from the root κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'power, authority'. It originally referred to someone who possessed authority or control, such as a master or owner, and later evolved to be used as a title for deities or rulers.
G3110
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mah-kro-TEE-tah
Translations: length, a length, duration, longness
Notes: This word is a noun referring to the state or quality of being long, or a long duration of time. It is often used in contexts describing the extent or continuance of something, such as 'length of days' or 'long life'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΗΚΟΣ, ΠΛΑΤΟΣ
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-mer-OHN
Translations: of days
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'day'. It refers to a period of 24 hours, or more broadly, a specific period of time or an era. As a genitive plural, it is often used to indicate possession, origin, or a temporal relationship, such as 'during the days' or 'belonging to the days'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΚΑΙΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to the period of daylight, contrasting with night.
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