Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint / Psalms / Chapter 13Psalms, Chapter 13
Interlinear version from Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint (Beta)
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G5056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEH-los
Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty
Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ
Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.
G5568
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: psal-MOS
Translations: psalm, a psalm, song, a song
Notes: This word refers to a psalm or a sacred song, often accompanied by stringed instruments. It is commonly used in the context of religious hymns or poetic compositions, particularly those found in the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It can be used to describe the act of singing or playing such a song.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΥΜΝΟΣ, ΩΔΗ
Etymology: From ψάλλω (psallō, "to pluck, play a stringed instrument"). It originally referred to the plucking of a stringed instrument, then to the song sung to the accompaniment of such an instrument.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G1138
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: dah-oo-EED
Translations: David
Notes: This is the Greek form of the Hebrew name David, who was the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah. He is a central figure in the Old Testament and is often referred to as 'the son of Jesse'. The name is used to refer to the historical figure.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The name Δαυείδ (Daueid) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name דָּוִד (Dawid), meaning 'beloved' or 'uncle'.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-pen
Translations: he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It is commonly used to introduce direct speech or to report what someone said.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G878
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: AH-frohn
Translations: foolish, senseless, unwise, a fool, an unwise person
Notes: This word describes someone who is without sense, foolish, or unwise. It can be used as an adjective to describe a person or an action, or as a noun to refer to a foolish person. It implies a lack of understanding or discernment, often in a moral or spiritual sense, rather than merely a lack of intelligence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ, ΜΩΡΟΣ, ΑΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ
Etymology: From the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) meaning 'not' and φρήν (phrēn) meaning 'mind' or 'understanding'. Thus, it literally means 'without mind' or 'mindless'.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-ah
Translations: heart, a heart, mind, inner self, center
Notes: This word refers to the physical organ, the heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the inner person, the seat of thoughts, emotions, will, and moral character. It can represent the mind, soul, or the core of one's being. It is often used metaphorically to describe the center of something, like the 'heart of the sea'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'heart'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-os
Translations: God, a God, Lord
Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.
G1311
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-ef-THEY-ran
Translations: they destroyed, they corrupted, they ruined, they spoiled, they defiled
Notes: This word describes the act of completely destroying, corrupting, or ruining something or someone. It implies a thorough and often irreversible process of decay, moral corruption, or physical destruction. It can be used in contexts ranging from physical ruin to moral degradation.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΛΥΜΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G946
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eb-deh-LOO-khtheh-san
Translations: they were made abominable, they became detestable, they were abhorred
Notes: This word describes a state of being made abominable or detestable, often implying a moral or spiritual corruption that causes one to be loathed or abhorred. It is used to convey a strong sense of disgust or revulsion towards actions or individuals.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΜΙΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΒΔΕΛΥΣΣΟΜΑΙ
G1904
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-pee-TAY-dehv-mah-sin
Translations: practices, pursuits, customs, habits, ways, deeds
Notes: This word refers to practices, pursuits, or customs that one engages in, often implying a habitual or characteristic way of acting. It can describe a person's general conduct, habits, or the specific activities they are involved in. It is a compound word derived from ἐπιτηδεύω (epitēdeuō), meaning 'to pursue, practice'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑ, ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ, ΗΘΗ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: poy-OHN
Translations: doing, making, creating, producing, performing, a doer, a maker, the one who does, the one who makes
Notes: ΠΟΙΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb ΠΟΙΕΩ, meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the act of doing or making something. It can be translated as 'doing' or 'making' when used adjectivally, or as 'the one who does' or 'a doer' when used substantively.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩΝ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G5544
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khray-STOH-tay-tah
Translations: goodness, kindness, uprightness, a goodness, a kindness, an uprightness
Notes: This word refers to moral goodness, kindness, or uprightness. It describes a quality of character that is beneficial and benevolent, often implying a gentle and agreeable disposition. It can be used to describe actions or a general state of being.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΩΣΥΝΗ, ΚΑΛΟΣΥΝΗ
Etymology: This word is derived from the adjective ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ (chrēstos), meaning 'useful, good, kind'. It is related to the verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use'.
G2193
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: EH-ohs
Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ
Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.
G1520
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: eh-NOSS
Translations: of one, of a, of an
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the numeral 'one'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, similar to how 'of one' or 'of a' is used in English. It can refer to a single person or thing, or to a part of a whole.
Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss
Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir
Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3772
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oo-rah-NOO
Translations: of heaven, of sky, of the heaven, of the sky
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΟΥ̓ΡΑΝΟΣ' (ouranos), meaning 'heaven' or 'sky'. In the genitive case, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of heaven' or 'from heaven'. It is commonly used in religious and philosophical texts to refer to the celestial realm, the dwelling place of God, or simply the visible sky above.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G1244
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-eh-KOOP-sen
Translations: looked out, peered, stooped down to look
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb κύπτω (kypto), meaning 'to stoop' or 'to bend down'. Therefore, it means to stoop or bend down in order to look through or peer out. It describes the action of leaning forward or bending over to get a better view, often implying an effort to see something that is partially obscured or at a lower level.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΚΥΠΤΩ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: Hwee-OOS
Translations: sons, children
Notes: This word refers to male offspring, or more broadly, to children or descendants. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating that the 'sons' are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΑ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN
Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind
Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DEIN
Translations: to see, to perceive, to behold, to look, to know, to understand
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. It is used to express the action of seeing or perceiving in a general sense, often without a specific time frame. It can also imply understanding or knowing something through observation. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He desired to see the truth' or 'It is good to see the light'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ
Etymology: The verb 'ὁράω' (horao) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. The aorist stem 'ἰδ-' (id-) is derived from a different, but related, Proto-Indo-European root, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G4920
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: soon-ee-OHN
Translations: understanding, perceiving, comprehending, he who understands, the one who understands
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'συνίημι' (syniēmi), meaning 'to understand' or 'to comprehend'. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'ἵημι' (hiēmi), meaning 'to send' or 'to throw'. When used as a participle, it describes someone who is in the process of understanding or who possesses understanding. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, referring to 'the one who understands'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩΝ, ΝΟΩΝ
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G1567
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ek-ZAY-tone
Translations: seeking out, searching for, inquiring for, requiring, demanding
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'one who is seeking out' or 'one who is searching for'. It is often used to describe an intense or diligent search, implying a thorough and earnest effort to find something or someone. It can also carry the sense of requiring or demanding something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΝΑΖΗΤΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-ON
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word refers to God, a god, or a deity. It is used as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one being referred to. For example, one might 'worship God' (where 'God' would be in the accusative case).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tes
Translations: all, every, whole
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of a group or quantity, often referring to 'all' members of a set or 'every' single item. It can also mean 'whole' when referring to a single entity.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: HOLOS
G1578
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-EK-lee-nan
Translations: turned aside, deviated, departed, avoided, shunned
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb κλίνω (klinō), meaning 'to incline' or 'to bend'. Together, it means to turn or bend away from something, to deviate, or to depart. It can also imply avoiding or shunning something. It is used to describe a physical turning away or a moral deviation from a path or principle.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΛΙΝΩ, ΕΚΤΡΕΠΩ, ΠΑΡΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΚΚΛΙΝΩ is derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb κλίνω (klinō), meaning 'to incline', 'to bend', or 'to lean'. The root κλίνω comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to lean' or 'to slope'.
G0260
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: AH-mah
Translations: at the same time, together, with, at once, simultaneously
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'at the same time' or 'together'. It emphasizes simultaneity or togetherness of actions or people. It can also function as an improper preposition, taking the dative case, to mean 'together with' or 'with'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΥ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words signifying 'together' or 'at the same time' in various Indo-European languages.
G0663
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-khreh-OH-thay-san
Translations: they became useless, they became worthless, they became corrupt, they were rendered useless, they were rendered worthless, they were rendered corrupt
Notes: This word describes a state of becoming useless, worthless, or corrupt. It implies a deterioration in quality or function, often in a moral or spiritual sense. It is used to indicate that a group of people has collectively become unprofitable or depraved. It is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'ἀχρειόω'.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ἘΚΚΛΙΝΩ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ
G5028
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TAF-os
Translations: tomb, a tomb, grave, a grave, sepulchre, a sepulchre
Notes: This word refers to a tomb, grave, or sepulchre, which is a place where a dead body is laid. It is a masculine noun and is used to denote the physical resting place of the deceased.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΝΗΜΕΙΟΝ, ΜΝΗΜΑ
Etymology: From the verb θάπτω (thaptō), meaning 'to bury'. It refers to the place where one is buried.
G0455
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: ah-neh-OHG-meh-nos
Translations: opened, open, an opened (thing)
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'ἀνοίγω' (anoigō), meaning 'to open'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been opened and remains in an open state. It signifies the result of an action that has already taken place, indicating a completed state of being open.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΙΚΤΟΣ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΓΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2995
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LAH-roongks
Translations: larynx, throat, a larynx, a throat
Notes: This word refers to the larynx or throat, the part of the neck containing the vocal cords. It is used to describe the anatomical structure involved in speech and swallowing.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΑΡΥΓΞ, ΔΕΡΗ
Etymology: The word "larynx" is of Greek origin, derived from the verb λαρυγγίζω (laryngizo), meaning "to shout" or "to croak." It refers to the organ of the voice.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH-ees
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate that the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the dative case, often signifying indirect objects, recipients, or the means by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to the' or 'for the', or simply 'the' depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
G1100
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: glohs-SAIS
Translations: tongues, languages, (with fire) flames, (to) tongues, (to) languages, (to) flames
Notes: This word refers to a tongue, either the anatomical organ or, more commonly, a language or dialect. It can also metaphorically refer to something shaped like a tongue, such as a flame of fire. In the provided examples, it is used to mean 'languages' in the context of different peoples, and 'tongues' or 'flames' in the context of fire.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ
Etymology: The word ΓΛΩΣΣΑ is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to words for 'tongue' in other Indo-European languages.
G1388
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-doh-LEE-oo-san
Translations: they were deceitful, they dealt deceitfully, they practiced deceit
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to deal deceitfully' or 'to practice deceit'. It describes an action of using cunning or trickery. In this form, it indicates that a group of people (they) were engaged in such deceitful behavior in the past.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΑΩ, ΠΛΑΝΑΩ
Etymology: The word ΔΟΛΙΟΩ (dolioō) comes from δόλιος (dolios), meaning 'deceitful', which in turn derives from δόλος (dolos), meaning 'bait, trick, deceit'.
G2447
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-OS
Translations: poison, a poison, venom, a venom, rust, a rust
Notes: This word is a noun that can refer to several things, including poison, venom (especially from a snake), or rust (the corrosion that forms on metal). Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used. For example, it can describe a deadly substance or the decay of metal.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΑΡΜΑΚΟΝ, ἸΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *wis- (poison). It is related to Latin virus and Sanskrit viṣa.
G0778
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: as-pi-DON
Translations: of shields, of a shield
Notes: This word refers to a shield, a piece of defensive armor carried for protection. In this form, it is a genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, so it would be used in phrases like 'of shields' or 'belonging to shields'. It can also refer to a viper or asp, due to the shield-like shape of its head.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΥΡΕΟΣ, ΣΑΚΟΣ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G5491
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEE-lee
Translations: lips, a lip
Notes: This word refers to the lips of a person or animal. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to speech, utterance, or the edge of something, such as the shore of a sea. In the provided examples, it is used in both literal and metaphorical senses, referring to the lips of a priest and also to speech or utterances.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΤΟΜΑ, ΓΛΩΣΣΑ
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, he who is, they who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It describes a state of being or existence, often functioning like an adjective or a noun. It can be translated as 'being' or 'who is/are' depending on the context, referring to someone or something that is in a particular state or performing an action of being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
G4750
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: STOH-mah
Translations: mouth, an mouth, opening, edge, speech, utterance
Notes: This word refers to the mouth of a person or animal. It can also metaphorically refer to an opening or entrance, such as the mouth of a river or a cave. Furthermore, it is often used to denote speech, utterance, or the edge of a sword or other sharp object, implying the 'cutting' or 'speaking' part. It is a neuter noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΣΤΟΜΑΤΟΣ, ΣΤΟΜΑΤΙ, ΣΤΟΜΑΤΑ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'mouth' or 'opening'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.
G0142
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-RAS
Translations: lifting, having lifted, taking up, carrying, removing, taking away
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'αἴρω' (airō), meaning 'to lift,' 'to take up,' 'to carry,' or 'to remove.' As a participle, it describes an action that is happening or has happened, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It indicates the subject is performing the action of lifting or taking something. For example, 'lifting his face' or 'having taken the rod.'
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ, ΑΙΡΩ
G3090
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pik-REE-as
Translations: (of) bitterness, bitterness, a bitterness
Notes: This word refers to the quality or state of being bitter, both literally in taste and figuratively in disposition or experience. It can describe a sharp, unpleasant taste, or a feeling of resentment, anger, or deep sorrow. In a sentence, it might be used to describe the bitterness of a situation, a person's bitter attitude, or the bitter taste of something.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΟΛΗ, ΠΙΚΡΟΤΗΣ
G1073
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-MEI
Translations: is full, is laden, is filled, is loaded
Notes: This word means 'to be full' or 'to be laden with something'. It describes a state of being completely filled or loaded, often with a particular quality, object, or emotion. It is typically used with a genitive case to indicate what something is full of.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΠΙΜΠΛΗΜΙ
G3691
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: OX-ees
Translations: sharp, pointed, keen, swift, quick, a sharp, a pointed
Notes: This word describes something that is sharp, pointed, or keen, often referring to physical objects like stones or stakes. It can also describe something that is swift or quick, such as a movement or a mind. It is used to modify nouns, indicating a quality of sharpness or speed.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΚΜΗ, ΑΚΙΔΩΤΟΣ, ΟΞΥΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ὀξύς (oxys) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ- meaning 'sharp'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G4228
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PO-des
Translations: feet
Notes: This word is the plural form of 'ΠΟΥΣ' (pous), meaning 'foot'. It refers to the anatomical structures at the end of the leg, used for standing and walking. It is commonly used in various contexts to describe movement, position, or a part of the body.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
G1632
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-KHEH-ah-ee
Translations: to pour out, to shed, to spill, to lavish
Notes: This word means 'to pour out' or 'to shed'. It is often used in contexts of pouring out liquids like water or blood, but can also be used metaphorically for pouring out emotions like wrath or blessings. It describes an action of releasing or dispensing something in abundance.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΚΧΥΝΩ, ΕΚΧΕΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and χέω (cheō, 'to pour').
G0001
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AHY-mah
Translations: blood, a blood
Notes: ΑΙΜΑ refers to blood, the fluid that circulates in the body. It is often used literally, but can also metaphorically represent life, kinship, or violence and bloodshed. For example, it can refer to the shedding of blood in sacrifice or battle.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΙΜΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΙΜΑ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages, reflecting an ancient origin for the concept of blood.
G4938
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soon-TREEM-mah
Translations: destruction, breaking, crushing, ruin, a destruction, a breaking
Notes: This word is a noun referring to the act or result of breaking, crushing, or shattering something. It can denote a state of ruin or destruction. It is often used to describe physical damage or a state of being broken.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΛΕΘΡΟΣ, ΑΦΑΝΙΣΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word "σύντριμμα" (syntrimma) comes from the verb "συντρίβω" (syntribo), meaning "to break in pieces, to crush, to shatter." It is formed with the prefix "συν-" (syn-), meaning "with" or "together," and "τρίβω" (tribo), meaning "to rub, to wear out, to break."
G5004
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tah-lah-ee-po-REE-ah
Translations: misery, a misery, distress, a distress, hardship, a hardship, affliction, an affliction
Notes: This word refers to a state of suffering, hardship, or distress. It describes the condition of being miserable or afflicted, often due to difficult circumstances or burdens. It can be used to speak of physical or emotional suffering.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΩΣΙΣ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΤΑΛΑΙΠΩΡΙΑ (talaipōria) is derived from the adjective ταλαίπωρος (talaipōros), meaning 'wretched, miserable, suffering hardship'. This adjective is a compound of τάλαν (talan), meaning 'suffering, enduring', and πῶρος (pōros), meaning 'callus, hard skin', metaphorically referring to hardship or toil.
G3598
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-DOYS
Translations: (to) roads, (to) ways, (to) paths, (to) journeys, (to) courses, (to) customs
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a road, path, or way. It can also metaphorically refer to a journey, a course of action, or a way of life. In its dative plural form, as seen here, it often indicates the location 'in' or 'on' roads/ways, or the recipient 'to' or 'for' roads/ways.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΙ, ΠΑΡΟΔΟΙ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑΙ
G3598
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ho-DON
Translations: way, a way, road, a road, journey, a journey, path, a path
Notes: This word refers to a way, road, or path, whether literal or figurative. It can describe a physical route or a course of conduct, a manner of life, or a journey. As an accusative singular noun, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΣ, ΑΤΡΑΠΟΣ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ
G1515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ei-RAY-nays
Translations: of peace, of a peace
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'eirene', meaning 'peace'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English. For example, 'the God of peace' or 'a time of peace'. It refers to a state of tranquility, harmony, or absence of conflict.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ἩΣΥΧΙΑ, ΓΑΛΗΝΗ
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eg-NOH-san
Translations: they knew, they understood, they recognized, they learned, they perceived
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It describes a past action where a group of people gained knowledge, understanding, or recognition. It signifies a completed act of knowing or perceiving.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ἘΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ
G5401
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FOH-bos
Translations: fear, a fear, terror, dread, reverence, respect
Notes: This word refers to the emotion of fear, dread, or terror. It can also denote reverence or respect, especially in a religious context, such as the 'fear of God'. It is a masculine noun and can be used in various grammatical cases depending on its role in a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΣ, ΤΡΟΜΟΣ, ΕΥΛΑΒΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *bhegʷ- meaning 'to flee, to run away'. In Greek, it evolved to refer to the emotion that causes one to flee or be afraid.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G0001
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: Ah-peh-NAN-tee
Translations: opposite, in front of, before, against
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate a position directly facing or opposite to something or someone. It can also mean 'in the presence of' or 'before' a person or thing. It is often used with the genitive case to specify what it is opposite to.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπ- (ap-, 'from') and ἔναντι (enanti, 'opposite'). It literally means 'from opposite' or 'from in front of'.
G3788
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oph-thal-MON
Translations: of eyes, eyes
Notes: This word refers to the eyes, the organs of sight. It can be used literally to describe physical eyes or metaphorically to represent understanding, perception, or presence. The form ὈΦΘΑΛΜΩΝ is the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of eyes' or 'belonging to eyes'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΜΜΑΤΑ, ΒΛΕΦΑΡΑ
G3780
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH-ee
Translations: no, not at all, by no means, certainly not
Notes: This word is a strong negative adverb, meaning 'no' or 'not at all'. It is used to express a definite and emphatic denial, often in response to a question or to strongly contradict a statement. It is a more emphatic form of the negative particle οὐ (ou).
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ
Etymology: From οὐ (ou), meaning 'not', and the enclitic particle -χι (-chi), which adds emphasis. It is a more emphatic form of the simple negative particle.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: gno-SON-tai
Translations: they will know, they shall know
Notes: This word is a verb indicating the act of knowing or coming to know something. It is in the future tense, meaning the action will occur at some point in the future. It is typically used to describe a group of people who will gain knowledge or understanding.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΙΔΗΣΟΥΣΙΝ, ΜΑΘΗΣΟΝΤΑΙ
G2038
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: er-ga-ZOH-me-noy
Translations: working, doing, performing, laboring, those who work, workers
Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'ergazomai', meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. It describes individuals who are actively engaged in an action or labor. In the provided context, it refers to 'those who are working' or 'those who are doing' something, often in a continuous or ongoing sense.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΑΤΤΟΝΤΕΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G0093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-dee-KEE-an
Translations: injustice, unrighteousness, wrong, a wrong, (to) injustice, (to) unrighteousness, (to) wrong
Notes: This word refers to the concept of injustice, unrighteousness, or a specific wrong act. It describes a state or action that is contrary to what is right or just, often implying a violation of law or moral principle. It can be used to describe both the abstract concept of injustice and concrete acts of wrongdoing.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek word ἄδικος (adikos, "unjust"), which is formed from ἀ- (a-, "not") and δίκη (dikē, "justice"). Thus, it literally means "not justice" or "lack of justice."
G2719
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tes-THON-tes
Translations: devouring, consuming, eating up, eating, consuming, destroying
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from κατά (kata, 'down, against') and ἐσθίω (esthiō, 'to eat'). It means to eat down, consume entirely, or devour. It is often used metaphorically to mean to destroy or waste away. In a sentence, it describes an action of complete consumption or destruction.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Aorist Active Participle
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΛΙΣΚΩ, ΔΑΠΑΝΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΦΑΓΩ
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LAH-on
Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation, multitude, a multitude
Notes: This word refers to a group of people, a nation, or a multitude. It is a masculine noun and is often used to describe the general populace or a specific ethnic group. In the given form, it is used as the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G1035
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BROH-see
Translations: (to) food, (for) food, (by) food, (with) food, (in) food, (to) eating, (for) eating, (by) eating, (with) eating, (in) eating, (to) corrosion, (for) corrosion, (by) corrosion, (with) corrosion, (in) corrosion, a food, an eating, a corrosion
Notes: This word refers to the act of eating, the food itself, or the process of corrosion or decay. It can be used to describe sustenance or the destructive action of something like rust. In a sentence, it would indicate the means or object related to eating or decay.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΟΦΗ, ΕΔΕΣΜΑ, ΒΡΩΜΑ
Etymology: The word ΒΡΩΣΙΣ comes from the verb βιϐρώσκω (bibrosko), meaning 'to eat'. It refers to the act or result of eating.
G0740
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AR-too
Translations: of bread, of a loaf, of food
Notes: This word refers to bread or a loaf of bread. It can also broadly mean food or provisions. It is used to describe the substance that sustains life, both physically and metaphorically. In the provided examples, it refers to physical bread or food.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΙΤΟΣ, ΤΡΟΦΗ, ΒΡΩΜΑ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-on
Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner
Notes: This word means 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' It is frequently used in ancient Greek texts, including the New Testament, to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or to a human master or owner. As an accusative singular form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, indicating 'the Lord' or 'a Lord' as the recipient of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
G1941
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-kah-LEH-sahn-toh
Translations: called upon, invoked, appealed to, named
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb 'καλέω' (kaleo), meaning 'to call'. It generally means to call upon someone or something, to invoke, or to appeal to. It can be used in contexts of calling upon a deity, appealing to a higher authority, or simply naming something.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΈΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΈΩ
G1563
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-KAY
Translations: there, in that place
Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'there' or 'in that place'. It is used to indicate a specific location that has been previously mentioned or is understood from the context. It can describe where an action takes place or where something is situated.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΝΘΑ, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂
Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *eke- (that, there).
G1167
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DEI-lee-ah-san
Translations: they were afraid, they became afraid, they were cowardly, they became cowardly
Notes: This word describes the act of being or becoming cowardly, timid, or fearful. It implies a lack of courage in the face of danger or difficulty. It is often used to describe someone who shrinks back from a challenge due to fear.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΦΟΒΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΤΟΕΩ, ΤΡΕΜΩ
G5401
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PHOH-boh
Translations: (to) fear, (to) dread, (to) reverence, (to) awe, fear, dread, reverence, awe, a fear, a dread
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun ΦΟΒΟΣ (phobos), meaning 'fear', 'dread', 'reverence', or 'awe'. In the dative case, it often indicates the means by which something is done, or the object to which the fear is directed. For example, it can be translated as 'by fear' or 'with fear', or 'to fear' when used with verbs that imply an object of fear or reverence. It can also denote the state of being in fear or awe.
Inflection: Dative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΣ, ΤΡΟΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΦΟΒΟΣ (phobos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to flee' or 'to be afraid'. It is related to verbs of fleeing and being put to flight.
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G2258
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HAYN
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes a continuous or ongoing state or action in the past. It can be translated as 'was', 'he was', 'she was', or 'it was', depending on the subject implied by the context. It is often used to set the scene or describe background information in a narrative.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G1074
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: geh-neh-AH
Translations: generation, an age, a race, a kind, a generation, an age
Notes: This word refers to a generation, meaning a period of time (typically around 30-40 years), or a group of people born around the same time. It can also denote a race, lineage, or family, or even a particular kind or class of people. It is used to describe a succession of people or a specific era.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ, ΦΥΛΗ
Etymology: From the Greek verb γίνομαι (ginomai), meaning 'to come into being, to be born, to become'. It refers to that which is begotten or produced.
G1342
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: dee-KAH-yah
Translations: just, righteous, right, fair, a just thing, a righteous thing
Notes: This word describes something or someone as being just, righteous, or in accordance with what is right. It can refer to actions, judgments, or individuals. It is often used to describe God's character or His judgments, indicating their inherent fairness and righteousness. It can also describe people who live in a way that is pleasing to God.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative; or Feminine, Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative
Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΣ, ΟΡΘΟΣ, ΑΓΑΘΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ (dikaios) comes from δίκη (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. It refers to that which is in accordance with justice or right.
G1012
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BOO-layn
Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will
Notes: This word refers to a counsel, plan, or purpose, often implying a deliberate decision or intention. It can be used to describe human plans or, frequently in the New Testament, the divine will or purpose of God. It is used in sentences to indicate the object of an action, such as 'to know the counsel' or 'to understand the plan'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΑ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē) comes from the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, to wish, to intend'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.
G4434
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PTOH-khoo
Translations: of a poor person, of a beggar, of the poor
Notes: This word refers to someone who is poor, destitute, or a beggar. It describes a state of extreme poverty, often implying a complete lack of resources and dependence on others. It can be used to describe an individual or a group of people who are in such a condition.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΝΗΣ, ΕΝΔΕΗΣ
G2617
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tays-KHOO-nah-teh
Translations: you put to shame, you disgraced, you dishonored, you confounded
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb αἰσχύνω (aischynō, meaning 'to shame' or 'to disgrace'). It means to put someone to shame, to disgrace them, or to confound them. It implies a strong sense of humiliation or defeat, often in a public or significant way. It can be used to describe an action that causes someone to feel utterly humiliated or to be exposed as wrong.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΙΣΧΥΝΩ, ΕΝΤΡΕΠΩ
G1680
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EL-peess
Translations: hope, a hope, expectation, a trust, a confidence
Notes: This word refers to a confident expectation, a trust, or a belief in a positive future outcome. It can describe both the act of hoping and the object of that hope. It is often used in a theological context to refer to the Christian hope in God's promises.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: From an assumed base of *ελπ- (elp-), meaning 'to hope'. It is related to the verb ἐλπίζω (elpizō), 'to hope'.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DOH-see
Translations: will give, will grant, will bestow
Notes: This word means 'will give' or 'will grant'. It is used to describe an action of providing or delivering something in the future. For example, one might say 'he will give a gift' or 'God will grant peace'.
Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ
G4622
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: see-OHN
Translations: Zion
Notes: Zion refers to a specific hill in Jerusalem, often used to denote the city of Jerusalem itself, especially its spiritual and theological significance as the dwelling place of God and the center of His people. It can also refer to the heavenly Jerusalem or the spiritual community of believers.
Inflection: Does not inflect (indeclinable)
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΥΣΑΛΗΜ
Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin (צִיּוֹן, Tsiyyon), meaning 'fortification' or 'citadel'. It was originally the name of a Jebusite fortress in Jerusalem, which King David conquered and made his capital.
G4992
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: so-TEE-ree-on
Translations: salvation, deliverance, saving health, a salvation, a deliverance, a saving health
Notes: This word refers to that which brings salvation or deliverance. It is often used to describe God's act of saving or the state of being saved. It can also refer to the means or instrument of salvation. In the New Testament, it frequently denotes the spiritual salvation offered through Christ.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ, ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word derives from the Greek verb σῴζω (sōizō), meaning 'to save, preserve, rescue'. From this verb came the noun σωτήρ (sōtēr), meaning 'savior', and then the adjective σωτήριος (sōtērios), meaning 'saving' or 'salvific'. ΣΩΤΗΡΙΟΝ is the neuter form of this adjective, often substantivized to mean 'salvation' or 'that which saves'.
G2474
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL
Translations: Israel
Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.
Inflection: Indeclinable
Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).
G1994
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-ee-STREF-sai
Translations: to turn, to return, to turn back, to convert, to restore
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to turn' or 'to return'. It is often used to describe a physical turning or returning to a place, but can also signify a moral or spiritual turning, such as converting to a new belief or repenting from sin. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb 'στρέφω' (strephō), meaning 'to turn'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΥΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ
G0162
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-khma-loh-SEE-ah
Translations: captivity, a captivity, exile, a group of captives
Notes: This word refers to the state of being taken captive, often in war, or the condition of being exiled from one's homeland. It can also refer to a group of people who have been taken captive. It is typically used to describe a situation where individuals or a population are forcibly removed or held against their will.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΙΧΜΑΛΩΤΕΙΑ, ΔΟΥΛΕΙΑ, ΕΞΟΡΙΑ
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lah-OO
Translations: of people, of a people, of nation, of a nation, of crowd, of a crowd
Notes: This word refers to a group of people, a nation, or a crowd. It is often used to describe a specific group of people, such as the people of Israel, or a general populace.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΥΣ, ΔΗΜΟΥ
G0021
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-gal-lee-AS-thoh
Translations: let it rejoice, let it exult, let it be glad
Notes: This word means to rejoice or exult with great joy. It is often used to describe a profound sense of gladness or triumph, often in a religious or spiritual context. It is an imperative, meaning it expresses a command or strong wish for something to happen.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Imperative
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΦΡΑΙΝΩ, ΧΑΙΡΩ
G2384
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: Ee-ah-KOB
Translations: Jacob
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Jacob, a prominent patriarch in the Old Testament, the son of Isaac and Rebekah, and the father of the twelve tribes of Israel. It is used to refer to the individual himself or, by extension, to his descendants, the nation of Israel.
Inflection: Does not inflect for case or number in this form, functions as a proper noun.
Etymology: From Hebrew Ya'aqov (יַעֲקֹב), meaning 'supplanter' or 'heel-grabber'.
G2165
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-frahn-THEE-toh
Translations: let it rejoice, let it be glad, let it be merry, let it make merry
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to rejoice, be glad, or make merry. It is used to express a command or wish for someone or something to experience joy or happiness. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'Let the heavens rejoice!'
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Imperative
Synonyms: ἈΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΧΑΙΡΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek εὐφραίνω (euphraínō), from εὖ (eu, “well”) + φρήν (phrḗn, “mind, heart”).
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