Psalms Chapter 31, Interlinear version from Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint (Beta)

Psalms, Chapter 31

Interlinear version from Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint (Beta)

31:1
31:2
31:3
31:4
31:5
31:6
31:7
31:8
31:9
31:10
31:11

31:1

(MT: 32:1)

Note: The text traditionally found at 31:1 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 30:1 in the LXX.
ΣΥΝΕΣΕΩΣ
- SYNESEŌS
- of-understanding
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΔΑΥΕΙΔ
- DAUEID
- David
ΜΑΚΑΡΙΟΙ
- MAKARIOI
- blessed
ΩΝ
- ŌN
- of-whom
ἈΦΕΘΗΣΑΝ
- APHETHĒSAN
- were-forgiven
ΑΙ
- AI
- the
ἈΝΟΜΙΑΙ
- ANOMIAI
- lawlessnesses
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΩΝ
- ŌN
- of-whom
ἘΠΕΚΑΛΥΦΘΗΣΑΝ
- EPEKALYPHTHĒSAN
- were-covered
ΑΙ
- AI
- the
ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑΙ
- AMARTIAI
- sins

31:2

(MT: 32:2)

Note: The text traditionally found at 31:2 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 30:2 in the LXX.
ΜΑΚΑΡΙΟΣ
- MAKARIOS
- blessed
ἈΝΗΡ
- ANĒR
- [a] man
ΟΥ
- OU
- whose
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΛΟΓΙΣΗΤΑΙ
- LOGISĒTAI
- will-count
ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
- KYRIOS
- Lord
ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑΝ
- AMARTIAN
- sin
ΟΥ̓ΔΕ
- OUDE
- nor
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- the
ΣΤΟΜΑΤΙ
- STOMATI
- mouth
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΔΟΛΟΣ
- DOLOS
- deceit

31:3

(MT: 32:3)

Note: The text traditionally found at 31:3 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 30:3 in the LXX.
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ἘΣΙΓΗΣΑ
- ESIGĒSA
- I-kept-silent
ἘΠΑΛΑΙΩΘΗ
- EPALAIŌTHĒ
- grew-old
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ὈΣΤΑ
- OSTA
- bones
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- the
ΚΡΑΖΕΙΝ
- KRAZEIN
- crying-out
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΟΛΗΝ
- OLĒN
- whole
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΗΜΕΡΑΝ
- ĒMERAN
- day

31:4

(MT: 32:4)

Note: The text traditionally found at 31:4 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 30:4 in the LXX.
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ΗΜΕΡΑΣ
- ĒMERAS
- day
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΝΥΚΤΟΣ
- NYKTOS
- night
ἘΒΑΡΥΝΘΗ
- EBARYNTHĒ
- was-heavy
ἘΠ'
- EP'
- upon
ἘΜΕ
- EME
- me
Η
- Ē
- the
ΧΕΙΡ
- CHEIR
- hand
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
ἘΣΤΡΑΦΗΝ
- ESTRAPHĒN
- I-was-turned
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΤΑΛΑΙΠΩΡΙΑΝ
- TALAIPŌRIAN
- misery
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- the
ἘΝΠΑΓΗΝΑΙ
- ENPAGĒNAI
- being-stuck
ἈΚΑΝΘΑΝ
- AKANTHAN
- [a] thorn
ΔΙΑΨΑΛΜΑ
- DIAPSALMA
- Selah

31:5

(MT: 32:5)

Note: The text traditionally found at 31:5 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 30:5 in the LXX.
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑΝ
- AMARTIAN
- sin
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ἘΓΝΩΡΙΣΑ
- EGNŌRISA
- I-made-known
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ἈΝΟΜΙΑΝ
- ANOMIAN
- lawlessness
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΚΑΛΥΨΑ
- EKALYPSA
- I-covered
ΕἸΠΑ
- EIPA
- I-said
ἘΞΑΓΟΡΕΥΣΩ
- EXAGOREUSŌ
- I-will-confess
ΚΑΤ'
- KAT'
- against
ἘΜΟΥ
- EMOU
- me
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑΝ
- AMARTIAN
- sin
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΚΥΡΙΩ
- KYRIŌ
- Lord
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΣΥ
- SY
- you
ἈΦΗΚΑΣ
- APHĒKAS
- forgave
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ἈΣΕΒΕΙΑΝ
- ASEBEIAN
- ungodliness
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΚΑΡΔΙΑΣ
- KARDIAS
- heart
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ΔΙΑΨΑΛΜΑ
- DIAPSALMA
- Selah

31:6

(MT: 32:6)

Note: The text traditionally found at 31:6 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 30:6 in the LXX.
ΥΠΕΡ
- YPER
- for
ΤΑΥΤΗΣ
- TAUTĒS
- this
ΠΡΟΣΕΥΞΕΤΑΙ
- PROSEUXETAI
- will-pray
ΠΑΣ
- PAS
- every
ΟΣΙΟΣ
- OSIOS
- holy-one
ΠΡΟΣ
- PROS
- to
ΣΕ
- SE
- you
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΚΑΙΡΩ
- KAIRŌ
- time
ΕΥ̓ΘΕΤΩ
- EUTHETŌ
- favorable
ΠΛΗΝ
- PLĒN
- but
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΚΑΤΑΚΛΥΣΜΩ
- KATAKLYSMŌ
- flood
ΥΔΑΤΩΝ
- YDATŌN
- of-waters
ΠΟΛΛΩΝ
- POLLŌN
- many
ΠΡΟΣ
- PROS
- to
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΝ
- AUTON
- him
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΓΓΙΟΥΣΙΝ
- EGGIOUSIN
- will-come-near

31:7

(MT: 32:7)

Note: The text traditionally found at 31:7 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 30:7 in the LXX.
ΣΥ
- SY
- you
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ΕἸ
- EI
- are
ΚΑΤΑΦΥΓΗ
- KATAPHYGĒ
- refuge
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΘΛΙΨΕΩΣ
- THLIPSEŌS
- of-distress
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- the
ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΥΣΗΣ
- PERIECHOUSĒS
- surrounding
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ἈΓΑΛΛΙΑΜΑ
- AGALLIAMA
- exultation
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ΛΥΤΡΩΣΑΙ
- LYTRŌSAI
- deliver
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- the-ones
ΚΥΚΛΩΣΑΝΤΩΝ
- KYKLŌSANTŌN
- having-surrounded
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΔΙΑΨΑΛΜΑ
- DIAPSALMA
- interlude

31:8

(MT: 32:8)

Note: The text traditionally found at 31:8 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 30:8 in the LXX.
ΣΥΝΕΤΙΩ
- SYNETIŌ
- I-will-instruct
ΣΕ
- SE
- you
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΣΥΝΒΙΒΩ
- SYNBIBŌ
- I-will-teach
ΣΕ
- SE
- you
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΟΔΩ
- ODŌ
- way
ΤΑΥΤΗ
- TAUTĒ
- this
Η
- Ē
- the
ΠΟΡΕΥΣΗ
- POREUSĒ
- you-will-go
ἘΠΙΣΤΗΡΙΩ
- EPISTĒRIŌ
- I-will-fix
ἘΠΙ
- EPI
- upon
ΣΕ
- SE
- you
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ὈΦΘΑΛΜΟΥΣ
- OPHTHALMOUS
- eyes
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my

31:9

(MT: 32:9)

Note: The text traditionally found at 31:9 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 30:9 in the LXX.
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΓΙΝΕΣΘΕ
- GINESTHE
- become
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ΙΠΠΟΣ
- IPPOS
- [a] horse
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΗΜΙΟΝΟΣ
- ĒMIONOS
- [a] mule
ΟΙΣ
- OIS
- to-whom
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ
- SYNESIS
- understanding
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΧΑΛΙΝΩ
- CHALINŌ
- [a] bridle
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΚΗΜΩ
- KĒMŌ
- [a] bit
ΤΑΣ
- TAS
- the
ΣΙΑΓΟΝΑΣ
- SIAGONAS
- jaws
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- of-them
ἈΓΞΑΙ
- AGXAI
- to-restrain
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the-ones
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ἘΓΓΙΖΟΝΤΩΝ
- EGGIZONTŌN
- drawing-near
ΠΡΟΣ
- PROS
- to
ΣΕ
- SE
- you

31:10

(MT: 32:10)

Note: The text traditionally found at 31:10 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 30:10 in the LXX.
ΠΟΛΛΑΙ
- POLLAI
- many
ΑΙ
- AI
- the
ΜΑΣΤΙΓΕΣ
- MASTIGES
- scourges
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΑΜΑΡΤΩΛΟΥ
- AMARTŌLOU
- sinner
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ἘΛΠΙΖΟΝΤΑ
- ELPIZONTA
- one-hoping
ἘΠΙ
- EPI
- upon
ΚΥΡΙΟΝ
- KYRION
- Lord
ἘΛΕΟΣ
- ELEOS
- mercy
ΚΥΚΛΩΣΕΙ
- KYKLŌSEI
- will-surround

31:11

(MT: 32:11)

Note: The text traditionally found at 31:11 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 30:11 in the LXX.
ΕΥ̓ΦΡΑΝΘΗΤΕ
- EUPHRANTHĒTE
- rejoice
ἘΠΙ
- EPI
- in
ΚΥΡΙΟΝ
- KYRION
- Lord
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἈΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΘΕ
- AGALLIASTHE
- exult
ΔΙΚΑΙΟΙ
- DIKAIOI
- righteous-ones
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΚΑΥΧΑΣΘΕ
- KAUCHASTHE
- boast
ΠΑΝΤΕΣ
- PANTES
- all
ΟΙ
- OI
- the
ΕΥ̓ΘΕΙΣ
- EUTHEIS
- upright-ones
ΤΗ
- TĒ
- to-the
ΚΑΡΔΙΑ
- KARDIA
- heart

G0863

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-feh-THEH-san

Translations: they were forgiven, they were released, they were sent away, they were left

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'aphiemi'. It means 'they were forgiven', 'they were released', 'they were sent away', or 'they were left'. It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subjects of the verb received the action of being forgiven, released, or sent away.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1943

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-eh-ka-LOOF-thay-san

Translations: were covered, were hidden, were concealed

Notes: This word describes an action where something was covered over, hidden, or concealed. It implies that something was put out of sight or made invisible. In a theological context, it can refer to sins being covered or forgiven, as seen in the provided examples.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ, ΚΡΥΠΤΩ, ΑΠΟΚΡΥΠΤΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, 'upon, over') and καλύπτω (kalyptō, 'to cover'). The prefix ἐπί intensifies the action of covering.

G3107

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: mah-KAH-ree-os

Translations: blessed, happy, fortunate, a blessed one, a happy one, a fortunate one

Notes: This word describes someone who is blessed, happy, or fortunate. It often refers to a state of inner well-being and contentment, particularly a happiness that comes from divine favor or a favorable condition. It can be used to describe individuals who are divinely favored or those who experience a deep sense of joy and fulfillment.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ, ΕΥΔΑΙΜΩΝ, ΟΛΒΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μακάριος' (makarios) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to 'μάκαρ' (makar), meaning 'blessed' or 'happy'. It describes a state of blessedness or happiness, often associated with the gods or those favored by them.

G3756, G3757

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3049

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: loh-gee-SEE-tai

Translations: he may reckon, he may consider, he may account, he may impute, he may calculate

Notes: This word describes the act of reckoning, calculating, or considering something carefully. It can also mean to impute or attribute something to someone. It is used to express a mental process of evaluation or judgment, often with the implication of assigning a value or status.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Middle Voice, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΚΡΙΝΩ

Etymology: From λόγος (logos, "word, reason") and the suffix -ίζω (-izō, forming verbs). It signifies to use reason or words to calculate or consider.

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

G3761

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G1388

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DO-los

Translations: guile, deceit, craft, treachery, a guile, a deceit

Notes: This word refers to cunning, deceit, or treachery. It describes a deceptive scheme or a malicious trick. It can be used to describe the character of a person who acts with deceit, or the deceptive nature of an action or plan.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΗ, ΠΑΝΟΥΡΓΙΑ, ΔΟΛΙΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to a root meaning 'to ensnare' or 'to bait'. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages.

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3822

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ah-lah-ee-OH-thay

Translations: was made old, became old, grew old, was worn out, became worn out

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make old' or 'to become old'. In its passive form, as seen here, it means 'to be made old', 'to become old', or 'to be worn out'. It describes something that has aged or deteriorated over time, often referring to physical objects like clothing becoming old or worn out, or to things becoming obsolete.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΩ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΥΜΑΙ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G0926

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-bah-ROON-thay

Translations: was weighed down, was burdened, became heavy, was oppressed

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'βαρύνω' (barunō), meaning 'to weigh down' or 'to burden'. In this passive form, it describes something or someone that became heavy, was burdened, or was oppressed. It indicates a state of being made heavy or experiencing a burden, often implying difficulty or distress.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΑΡΥΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΡΥΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'βαρύνω' (barunō) comes from the adjective 'βαρύς' (barus), meaning 'heavy'. It is related to the concept of weight and burden.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G5004

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tah-lai-po-REE-an

Translations: misery, distress, affliction, hardship, a misery, a distress, an affliction, a hardship

Notes: This word refers to a state of misery, distress, or affliction. It describes a condition of suffering or hardship. It is often used to convey a sense of deep trouble or difficulty.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΩΣΙΣ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ

Etymology: From the adjective ταλαίπωρος (talaipōros), meaning 'wretched' or 'suffering', which is a compound of τάλαν (talan, 'suffering, enduring') and πῶρος (pōros, 'callus, hard skin', metaphorically 'hardship'). Thus, it literally means 'enduring hardship'.

G1703

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-pa-GAY-nai

Translations: to be fixed, to be fastened, to be implanted, to be stuck, to be driven in, to be pierced

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'ἐμπήγνυμι'. It describes the action of something being driven into, fixed, or implanted, often with force or permanence. It implies a state of being firmly set or stuck in place.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΠΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΠΗΓΝΥΩ

Etymology: The word 'ἐμπήγνυμι' is a compound word formed from the prefix 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'into', and the verb 'πήγνυμι' (pēgnymi), meaning 'to fix', 'to fasten', or 'to make firm'.

G1283

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ap-SAL-ma

Translations: interlude, musical interlude, pause, a musical interlude, a pause

Notes: This word refers to a musical interlude or a pause, often found in the Septuagint (the Greek Old Testament) in the Psalms. It indicates a break in the text, likely for musical accompaniment or a change in musical performance. It functions as a noun in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart,' and ΨΑΛΜΑ (psalma), meaning 'psalm' or 'song.' It literally suggests something that occurs 'through' or 'between' a psalm or musical piece.

G0458

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-no-MEE-ahn

Translations: lawlessness, iniquity, a lawlessness, an iniquity, transgression, a transgression

Notes: This word refers to a state of being without law, or a violation of law. It often implies moral transgression, wickedness, or a disregard for divine or human laws. In a sentence, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb, indicating the thing that is being done or committed.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΒΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνομία (anomía, “lawlessness”), from ἄνομος (ánomos, “lawless”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + νόμος (nómos, “law”).

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1804

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ah-go-REH-oo-soh

Translations: I will confess, I will declare, I will make known, I will tell fully

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from ἐκ (ek, meaning 'out of' or 'from') and ἀγορεύω (agoreuō, meaning 'to speak' or 'to proclaim'). It means to speak out, declare fully, or confess. It is used to express the act of openly acknowledging something, often a fault or truth.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word ἐξαγορεύω is a compound of the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἀγορεύω (agoreuō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to proclaim'. The root ἀγορεύω is derived from ἀγορά (agora), referring to a public assembly or marketplace, where public speaking would occur.

G2596

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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OH

Translations: to the Lord, for the Lord, to the master, for the master, to an owner, for an owner

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, meaning 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' In the dative case, it typically indicates the indirect object of an action, the recipient, or the beneficiary. It is commonly used in religious contexts to refer to God or Jesus Christ, but can also refer to a human master or owner. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'to give thanks to the Lord' or 'to serve the master.'

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

G863

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-FEE-kas

Translations: you sent away, you let go, you forgave, you left, you permitted, you abandoned

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to send away, let go, forgive, leave, permit, or abandon. It is used to describe an action of releasing or dismissing something or someone. It can refer to physical release, as in letting go of an object, or to a more abstract release, such as forgiving sins or leaving a place.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΎΩ, ΧΑΡΊΖΟΜΑΙ, ἘΆΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, "from, away from") and ἵημι (híēmi, "to send, to let go").

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2588

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-DEE-as

Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will

Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

G5228

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G4336

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-EVK-seh-tai

Translations: he will pray, she will pray, it will pray

Notes: This word is the future active indicative, third person singular form of the verb "προσεύχομαι" (proseuchomai), which means to pray, to offer prayer, or to make supplication. It is commonly used in the New Testament to describe the act of communicating with God. The form "προσεύξεται" indicates that a single person (he, she, or it) will perform the action of praying in the future.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive (Deponent), Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΤΕΩ

G3956

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G3741

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: OH-see-os

Translations: holy, righteous, pious, devout, a holy one, a righteous one

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is holy, righteous, or pious, especially in the sense of being consecrated to God or fulfilling one's duties towards God. It implies a sense of moral purity and devotion. It can be used to describe individuals who are devout or actions that are righteous.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: The etymology of 'hosios' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the concept of what is sanctioned by divine law or custom, distinguishing it from 'dikaios' (just, righteous by human law) and 'hagios' (sacred, set apart).

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2540

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kahee-ROH

Translations: to time, to season, to opportunity, to a proper time, to a fixed time, to a due season, to a critical time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, often implying a critical or decisive moment. It is distinct from 'chronos' (χρόνος), which refers to chronological or sequential time. 'Kairos' emphasizes the qualitative aspect of time, focusing on the right or fitting moment for something to happen. It is used in contexts where a particular event or action is expected or appropriate.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΩΡΑ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ

G2117

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-THEH-toh

Translations: to make ready, to prepare, to make fit, to make suitable, to make convenient, to make opportune

Notes: This verb means to make something ready, fit, or suitable for a particular purpose or occasion. It implies an action of preparing or arranging something so that it is in a proper or opportune state. It can be used in various contexts where preparation or suitability is key.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ἙΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ, ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ

Etymology: From the adjective εὔθετος (eúthetos), meaning 'well-placed, suitable, convenient'. This adjective is a compound of εὖ (eu, 'well') and θετός (thetos, 'placed'), from τίθημι (tithēmi, 'to place, put'). Thus, the verb means 'to make well-placed' or 'to make suitable'.

G4133

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: PLAYN

Translations: but, nevertheless, except, only, however, save, yet, notwithstanding, (except) for

Notes: This word functions as an adverb, conjunction, or preposition, indicating an exception, contrast, or limitation. As an adverb, it means 'nevertheless' or 'only'. As a conjunction, it means 'but' or 'however', introducing a contrasting statement. As a preposition, it means 'except' or 'save', typically followed by a genitive case, indicating exclusion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΕΙ ΜΗ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

Etymology: From an obsolete root, possibly related to πλῆθος (plēthos, 'multitude'), suggesting a sense of 'fullness' or 'completeness' from which something is excluded.

G1448

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eng-GHEE-oo-sin

Translations: they will draw near, they will approach, they will come near

Notes: This word means 'to draw near' or 'to approach'. It is used to describe someone or something moving closer to a person, place, or event. It can also refer to the approach of a specific time or event, such as the coming of the kingdom of God. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to people drawing near.

Inflection: Future Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΣΙΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From ἐγγύς (engys), meaning 'near'. The verb ἐγγίζω means 'to make near' or 'to come near'.

G1519, G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G2625

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-foo-GAY

Translations: refuge, a refuge, asylum, a place of refuge, shelter

Notes: This word refers to a place or state of safety and protection, often sought in times of danger or distress. It can be used to describe a physical location that offers shelter, or a more abstract concept of security or a source of help. It is commonly used in contexts where someone seeks protection or solace.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΣΥΛΟΝ, ΣΚΕΠΗ, ΒΟΗΘΕΙΑ

Etymology: From κατά (kata, 'down, against') and φεύγω (pheugō, 'to flee'). It literally means 'a fleeing down to' or 'a fleeing for refuge'.

G2347

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THLIP-seh-ohss

Translations: (of) tribulation, (of) affliction, (of) distress, (of) trouble, (of) pressure, a tribulation, an affliction, a distress, a trouble, a pressure

Notes: This word refers to a state of pressure, distress, or suffering. It denotes a crushing or pressing together, which can be literal or figurative, leading to hardship or trouble. It is often used in the context of difficulties, persecutions, or severe trials faced by individuals or communities.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ, ΠΙΕΣΙΣ, ΔΟΚΙΜΗ

G4023

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-ree-eh-KHOO-sees

Translations: containing, surrounding, encompassing, holding, embracing, including, a containing, a surrounding, an encompassing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'periechō', meaning 'to contain', 'to surround', or 'to encompass'. It describes something that is holding, enclosing, or including something else. It can be used to describe a state or action of being around or within something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΧΟΥΣΗΣ, ΚΥΚΛΟΥΣΗΣ, ΣΥΝΕΧΟΥΣΗΣ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G2944

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ky-KLO-san-TON

Translations: of those who surrounded, of those who encircled, of those who encompassed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κυκλόω', meaning 'to surround' or 'to encircle'. It describes an action of surrounding or encompassing. In this form, it functions as a genitive plural, indicating possession or origin from a group of people who performed the action of surrounding.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΕΥΩ

G4922

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-TEE-oh

Translations: I will make you understand, I will instruct you, I will teach you

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make understanding' or 'to instruct'. It is used to describe the act of imparting knowledge or wisdom to someone, causing them to comprehend or gain insight. It implies a process of teaching or guiding someone towards understanding. The form ΣΥΝΕΤΙΩ is a future tense, indicating an action that will happen.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΩ, ΠΑΙΔΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΕΤΙΖΩ is derived from the adjective ΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ (synetos), meaning 'intelligent' or 'understanding', which itself comes from the verb ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ (syniēmi), meaning 'to understand' or 'to comprehend'. The prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-) means 'with' or 'together'.

G4822

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-bee-BOH

Translations: I bring together, I join, I knit together, I prove, I conclude, I instruct, I teach, I show

Notes: This word means to bring things or people together, to unite them, or to cause them to cohere. It can also mean to prove something, to draw a conclusion, or to instruct someone by showing them something. In the provided example, it is used in the sense of instructing or teaching.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΩ, ΜΑΘΕΥΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΒΙΒΑΖΩ (bibazo), meaning 'to cause to go' or 'to make to mount'. Thus, it literally means 'to cause to go together' or 'to bring together'.

G3598

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-DOH

Translations: to a way, to a road, to a journey, to a path, to a course, to a manner, to a way of life, to a custom, to a means, to a method, to a direction, to a journey, to a travel, to a passage, to a street, to a highway, to a route, to a track, to a trail

Notes: This word refers to a way, road, or path, and can also metaphorically mean a journey, course of action, or manner of life. It is used to indicate movement along a physical route or to describe a particular custom or method. In this dative form, it often indicates the recipient or direction of an action, or the means by which something is done.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΘΟΣ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ

G3778

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOW-tay

Translations: of this, to this, by this, with this, this

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific that is near the speaker or has just been mentioned. As a feminine singular form, it can function as either a genitive case, indicating possession or origin (e.g., 'of this woman'), or a dative case, indicating indirect object or means (e.g., 'to this woman' or 'by means of this'). Its precise meaning depends on the context and the preposition it might be used with.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Genitive or Dative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΗ, ΕΚΕΙΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'οὗτος' (houtos), from which 'ταύτῃ' is derived, is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek. It is believed to have originated from a combination of the definite article and a pronominal stem, indicating proximity or reference to something previously mentioned.

G4198

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-YOO-see

Translations: you will go, you will depart, you will travel, you will proceed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to go', 'to depart', 'to travel', or 'to proceed'. It is used to describe movement from one place to another, or the act of setting out on a journey. It can also refer to a course of action or conduct. In the provided examples, it is used in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen.

Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Indicative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ

G1991

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-stee-REE-zoh

Translations: to fix one's eyes upon, to strengthen, to support, to confirm, to establish

Notes: This verb means to fix one's eyes upon something or someone, to strengthen, to support, or to confirm. It implies a firm and steady application of attention or a firm establishment of something. It is often used in the context of strengthening someone in faith or purpose, or fixing one's gaze intently.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ, ΒΕΒΑΙΟΩ, ΕΝΙΣΧΥΩ

Etymology: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb ΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ (stērizō), meaning 'to make firm', 'to establish', or 'to support'.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G1096

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GHEE-nes-theh

Translations: be, become, come to pass, happen, arise, be made, be done

Notes: This verb means 'to be,' 'to become,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to happen.' It is often used to describe a change of state or a process, rather than a static condition. It can also mean 'to be made' or 'to be done' when used in the passive voice. In the imperative mood, as in 'ΓΙΝΕΣΘΕ', it functions as a command or exhortation, telling someone to 'be' or 'become' something.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, 2nd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2252

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hay-MEE-oh-noss

Translations: mule, a mule

Notes: This word refers to a mule, which is a hybrid animal, the offspring of a donkey and a horse. It is typically used in a literal sense to describe the animal itself, often in contexts related to travel, labor, or as a beast of burden. It can be used in sentences like 'He rode upon a mule' or 'The mule carried the load.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From the Greek words 'ἥμι-' (hēmi-), meaning 'half', and 'ὄνος' (onos), meaning 'donkey'. It literally means 'half-donkey', referring to its hybrid nature.

G3739

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G4907

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SOON-eh-sis

Translations: understanding, an understanding, intelligence, an intelligence, discernment, a discernment, insight, an insight

Notes: Σύνεσις refers to the faculty of understanding, intelligence, or discernment. It denotes the ability to comprehend, grasp, and interpret information, often implying a practical wisdom or insight into situations. It describes the mental capacity to put things together and make sense of them.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΝΗΣΙΣ, ΣΟΦΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb συνίημι (syniēmi), meaning 'to understand' or 'to bring together', which is a compound of σύν (syn, 'with, together') and ἵημι (hiēmi, 'to send, to put').

G5469

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kha-li-NOH

Translations: (to) a bridle, (to) a bit, (to) a curb, (to) a rein

Notes: This word refers to a bridle, bit, or curb, which is a piece of equipment used to control a horse. It is typically placed in the horse's mouth and connected to reins, allowing the rider to guide and restrain the animal. In a figurative sense, it can also refer to anything that restrains or controls, like a check or a curb.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΗΜΟΣ, ΣΤΟΜΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΛΙΝΟΣ (chalinós) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to χαλᾶν (chalân), meaning 'to loosen' or 'to let down', perhaps referring to the action of the bridle.

G1448

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eng-GIZ-on-tone

Translations: of those drawing near, of those approaching, of those coming near

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'enggizo', meaning 'to draw near' or 'to approach'. As a participle, it describes an action or state and functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. In this form, it refers to 'those who are drawing near' or 'those who are approaching'. It is often used to describe people or things that are coming into proximity.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'enggizo' comes from the Greek adverb 'engys' (ἔγγυς), meaning 'near' or 'at hand'. The verb form adds the idea of moving towards or becoming near.

G3148

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mas-TEE-gess

Translations: scourges, whips, plagues, torments

Notes: This word refers to instruments of punishment, such as whips or scourges, or more broadly to afflictions, plagues, or torments. It is used to describe severe physical punishment or a great calamity or suffering.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΓΑΙ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑΙ, ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΣΤΙΞ (mastix) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb μάσσω (massō), meaning 'to knead' or 'to handle'.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1679

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: el-PI-zon-tah

Translations: hoping, expecting, trusting, a hoping one, an expecting one, a trusting one

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἘΛΠΙΖΩ', meaning 'to hope', 'to expect', or 'to trust'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the act of hoping, expecting, or trusting. It can be translated as 'the one who hopes' or simply 'hoping' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΑ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΟΝΤΑ

G1656

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EH-leh-os

Translations: mercy, a mercy, compassion, pity

Notes: ἘΛΕΟΣ refers to active compassion, pity, or mercy, often extended by a superior to an inferior, or by God to humanity. It implies a deep feeling of sympathy that leads to practical help or forgiveness. It is frequently used in the context of God's benevolent actions towards His people.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΟΣ, ΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΑ

Etymology: The etymology of ἘΛΕΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to a root meaning 'to feel pity' or 'to be moved by compassion'.

G2944

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: koo-KLO-see

Translations: (to) a surrounding, (to) a circuit, (to) a compass, (to) a circle

Notes: This word refers to the act of surrounding, encircling, or going around something. It can also denote the area or space that encompasses something, like a circuit or a boundary. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative case, indicating 'by means of a surrounding' or 'to a surrounding', often in the context of defining boundaries or encompassing an area.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΒΟΛΗ, ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ

G2165

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-FRAHN-thay-teh

Translations: rejoice, be glad, make merry

Notes: This word is a command, meaning 'rejoice!' or 'be glad!'. It is used to express a strong exhortation to experience joy or happiness. It can be used in various contexts to encourage celebration or delight.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Imperative, 2nd Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΧΑΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΦΡΑΙΝΩ comes from the Greek prefix εὐ- (eu-), meaning 'well' or 'good', and the verb φραίνω (phrainō), which is related to φρήν (phrēn), meaning 'mind' or 'heart'. Thus, it originally meant 'to put in a good state of mind' or 'to cheer up'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

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