Psalms Chapter 80, Interlinear version from Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint (Beta)

Psalms, Chapter 80

Interlinear version from Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint (Beta)

80:1
80:2
80:3
80:4
80:5
80:6
80:7
80:8
80:9
80:10
80:11
80:12
80:13
80:14
80:15
80:16
80:17

80:1

(MT: 81:1)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:1 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:1 in the LXX.
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- to
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΤΕΛΟΣ
- TELOS
- end
ΥΠΕΡ
- YPER
- concerning
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- the
ΛΗΝΩΝ
- LĒNŌN
- winepresses
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ἈΣΑΦ
- ASAPH
- Asaph
ΨΑΛΜΟΣ
- PSALMOS
- psalm

80:2

(MT: 81:2)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:2 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:2 in the LXX.
ἈΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΘΕ
- AGALLIASTHE
- rejoice
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΘΕΩ
- THEŌ
- God
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΒΟΗΘΩ
- BOĒTHŌ
- helper
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ἈΛΑΛΑΞΑΤΕ
- ALALAXATE
- shout-for-joy
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΘΕΩ
- THEŌ
- God
ἸΑΚΩΒ
- IAKŌB
- of-Jacob

80:3

(MT: 81:3)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:3 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:3 in the LXX.
ΛΑΒΕΤΕ
- LABETE
- take
ΨΑΛΜΟΝ
- PSALMON
- [a] psalm
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΔΟΤΕ
- DOTE
- give
ΤΥΜΠΑΝΟΝ
- TYMPANON
- [a] tambourine
ΨΑΛΤΗΡΙΟΝ
- PSALTĒRION
- [a] lyre
ΤΕΡΠΝΟΝ
- TERPNON
- pleasant
ΜΕΤΑ
- META
- with
ΚΙΘΑΡΑΣ
- KITHARAS
- of-harp

80:4

(MT: 81:4)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:4 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:4 in the LXX.
ΣΑΛΠΙΣΑΤΕ
- SALPISATE
- sound-the-trumpet
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΝΕΟΜΗΝΙΑ
- NEOMĒNIA
- new-moon
ΣΑΛΠΙΓΓΙ
- SALPIGGI
- trumpet
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΕΥ̓ΣΗΜΩ
- EUSĒMŌ
- appointed
ΗΜΕΡΑ
- ĒMERA
- day
ΕΟΡΤΗΣ
- EORTĒS
- of-feast
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us

80:5

(MT: 81:5)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:5 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:5 in the LXX.
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑ
- PROSTAGMA
- [a] command
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ἸΣΡΑΗΛ
- ISRAĒL
- Israel
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- it-is
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΚΡΙΜΑ
- KRIMA
- [a] judgment
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΘΕΩ
- THEŌ
- God
ἸΑΚΩΒ
- IAKŌB
- of-Jacob

80:6

(MT: 81:6)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:6 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:6 in the LXX.
ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ
- MARTYRION
- testimony
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- the
ἸΩΣΗΦ
- IŌSĒPH
- Joseph
ἘΘΕΤΟ
- ETHETO
- he-placed
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΝ
- AUTON
- him
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- the
ἘΞΕΛΘΕΙΝ
- EXELTHEIN
- going-out
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΝ
- AUTON
- him
ἘΚ
- EK
- from
ΓΗΣ
- GĒS
- land
ΑἸΓΥΠΤΟΥ
- AIGYPTOU
- Egypt
ΓΛΩΣΣΑΝ
- GLŌSSAN
- [a] language
ΗΝ
- ĒN
- which
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΓΝΩ
- EGNŌ
- he-knew
ἨΚΟΥΣΕΝ
- ĒKOUSEN
- he-heard

80:7

(MT: 81:7)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:7 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:7 in the LXX.
ἈΠΕΣΤΗΣΕΝ
- APESTĒSEN
- he-turned-away
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ἈΡΣΕΩΝ
- ARSEŌN
- males
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΝΩΤΟΝ
- NŌTON
- back
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΑΙ
- AI
- the
ΧΕΙΡΕΣ
- CHEIRES
- hands
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- the
ΚΟΦΙΝΩ
- KOPHINŌ
- basket
ἘΔΟΥΛΕΥΣΑΝ
- EDOULEUSAN
- they-served

80:8

(MT: 81:8)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:8 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:8 in the LXX.
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΘΛΙΨΕΙ
- THLIPSEI
- distress
ἘΠΕΚΑΛΕΣΩ
- EPEKALESŌ
- you-called-upon
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΡΥΣΑΜΗΝ
- ERYSAMĒN
- I-rescued
ΣΕ
- SE
- you
ἘΠΗΚΟΥΣΑ
- EPĒKOUSA
- I-listened
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- to-you
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ἈΠΟΚΡΥΦΩ
- APOKRYPHŌ
- secret-place
ΚΑΤΑΙΓΙΔΟΣ
- KATAIGIDOS
- of-storm
ἘΔΟΚΙΜΑΣΑ
- EDOKIMASA
- I-tested
ΣΕ
- SE
- you
ἘΠΙ
- EPI
- at
ΥΔΑΤΟΣ
- YDATOS
- of-waters
ἈΝΤΙΛΟΓΙΑΣ
- ANTILOGIAS
- of-contention
ΔΙΑΨΑΛΜΑ
- DIAPSALMA
- interlude

80:9

(MT: 81:9)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:9 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:9 in the LXX.
ἈΚΟΥΣΟΝ
- AKOUSON
- hear
ΛΑΟΣ
- LAOS
- people
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΛΑΛΗΣΩ
- LALĒSŌ
- I-will-speak
ΣΟΙ
- SOI
- to-you
ἸΣΡΑΗΛ
- ISRAĒL
- Israel
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΔΙΑΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΜΑΙ
- DIAMARTYROMAI
- I-will-testify
ΣΟΙ
- SOI
- to-you
ἘΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ἈΚΟΥΣΗΣ
- AKOUSĒS
- you-hear
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me

80:10

(MT: 81:10)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:10 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:10 in the LXX.
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΣΤΑΙ
- ESTAI
- there-shall-be
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΣΟΙ
- SOI
- you
ΘΕΟΣ
- THEOS
- [a] god
ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ
- PROSPHATOS
- new
ΟΥ̓ΔΕ
- OUDE
- nor
ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΗΣΕΙΣ
- PROSKYNĒSEIS
- you-shall-bow-down
ΘΕΩ
- THEŌ
- to-god
ἈΛΛΟΤΡΙΩ
- ALLOTRIŌ
- foreign

80:11

(MT: 81:11)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:11 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:11 in the LXX.
ἘΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΕἸΜΙ
- EIMI
- am
ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
- KYRIOS
- Lord
Ο
- O
- the
ΘΕΟΣ
- THEOS
- God
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
Ο
- O
- the-one
ἈΝΑΓΑΓΩΝ
- ANAGAGŌN
- having-brought-up
ΣΕ
- SE
- you
ἘΚ
- EK
- out-of
ΓΗΣ
- GĒS
- land
ΑἸΓΥΠΤΟΥ
- AIGYPTOU
- of-Egypt
ΠΛΑΤΥΝΟΝ
- PLATYNON
- open-wide
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΣΤΟΜΑ
- STOMA
- mouth
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΠΛΗΡΩΣΩ
- PLĒRŌSŌ
- I-will-fill
ΑΥ̓ΤΟ
- AUTO
- it

80:12

(MT: 81:12)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:12 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:12 in the LXX.
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἨΚΟΥΣΕΝ
- ĒKOUSEN
- listened
Ο
- O
- the
ΛΑΟΣ
- LAOS
- people
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΦΩΝΗΣ
- PHŌNĒS
- voice
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἸΣΡΑΗΛ
- ISRAĒL
- Israel
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΠΡΟΣΕΣΧΕΝ
- PROSESCHEN
- paid-attention
ΜΟΙ
- MOI
- to-me

80:13

(MT: 81:13)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:13 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:13 in the LXX.
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΞΑΠΕΣΤΕΙΛΑ
- EXAPESTEILA
- I-sent-out
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥΣ
- AUTOUS
- them
ΚΑΤΑ
- KATA
- according-to
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ἘΠΙΤΗΔΕΥΜΑΤΑ
- EPITĒDEUMATA
- practices
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΚΑΡΔΙΩΝ
- KARDIŌN
- hearts
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- of-them
ΠΟΡΕΥΣΟΝΤΑΙ
- POREUSONTAI
- they-will-walk
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΟΙΣ
- TOIS
- the
ἘΠΙΤΗΔΕΥΜΑΣΙΝ
- EPITĒDEUMASIN
- practices
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- of-them

80:14

(MT: 81:14)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:14 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:14 in the LXX.
ΕἸ
- EI
- if
Ο
- O
- the
ΛΑΟΣ
- LAOS
- people
ἨΚΟΥΣΕΝ
- ĒKOUSEN
- had-listened
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ἸΣΡΑΗΛ
- ISRAĒL
- Israel
ΤΑΙΣ
- TAIS
- to-the
ΟΔΟΙΣ
- ODOIS
- ways
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΕἸ
- EI
- if
ἘΠΟΡΕΥΘΗ
- EPOREUTHĒ
- he-had-walked

80:15

(MT: 81:15)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:15 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:15 in the LXX.
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- the
ΜΗΔΕΝΙ
- MĒDENI
- nothing
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ἘΧΘΡΟΥΣ
- ECHTHROUS
- enemies
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- of-them
ἘΤΑΠΕΙΝΩΣΑ
- ETAPEINŌSA
- I-humbled
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΠΙ
- EPI
- upon
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the-ones
ΘΛΙΒΟΝΤΑΣ
- THLIBONTAS
- oppressing
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥΣ
- AUTOUS
- them
ἘΠΕΒΑΛΟΝ
- EPEBALON
- I-laid
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΧΕΙΡΑ
- CHEIRA
- hand
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me

80:16

(MT: 81:16)

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:16 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:16 in the LXX.
ΟΙ
- OI
- the
ἘΧΘΡΟΙ
- ECHTHROI
- enemies
ΚΥΡΙΟΥ
- KYRIOU
- of-Lord
ἘΨΕΥΣΑΝΤΟ
- EPSEUSANTO
- they-lied
ΑΥ̓ΤΩ
- AUTŌ
- to-him
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΣΤΑΙ
- ESTAI
- it-will-be
Ο
- O
- the
ΚΑΙΡΟΣ
- KAIROS
- time
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- of-them
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΑἸΩΝΑ
- AIŌNA
- age

80:17

Note: The text traditionally found at 80:17 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 79:17 in the LXX.
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΨΩΜΙΣΕΝ
- EPSŌMISEN
- he-fed
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥΣ
- AUTOUS
- them
ἘΚ
- EK
- from
ΣΤΕΑΤΟΣ
- STEATOS
- fat
ΠΥΡΟΥ
- PYROU
- of-wheat
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΚ
- EK
- from
ΠΕΤΡΑΣ
- PETRAS
- [a] rock
ΜΕΛΙ
- MELI
- honey
ἘΧΟΡΤΑΣΕΝ
- ECHORTASEN
- he-satisfied
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥΣ
- AUTOUS
- them

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G5056

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-los

Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty

Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.

G5228

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G3025

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LAY-nohn

Translations: of a winepress, of a wine vat, of a press

Notes: This word refers to a winepress or a wine vat, which is a large container or structure used for pressing grapes to extract their juice, typically for making wine. It can also refer to the collected juice or wine itself. In a sentence, it would be used to indicate possession or origin related to a winepress, such as 'the fruit of the winepress' or 'the wine from the winepress'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word ΛΗΝΟΣ (lēnos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek.

G5568

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psal-MOS

Translations: psalm, a psalm, song, a song

Notes: This word refers to a psalm or a sacred song, often accompanied by stringed instruments. It is commonly used in the context of religious hymns or poetic compositions, particularly those found in the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It can be used to describe the act of singing or playing such a song.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΥΜΝΟΣ, ΩΔΗ

Etymology: From ψάλλω (psallō, "to pluck, play a stringed instrument"). It originally referred to the plucking of a stringed instrument, then to the song sung to the accompaniment of such an instrument.

G0997

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: boh-ay-THOH

Translations: to help, to aid, to assist, to succor

Notes: This verb means to come to the aid of someone, to provide assistance, or to give help. It implies providing support, often in a time of need or difficulty. It can be used with a dative object to indicate the person being helped.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΕΩ, ΑΝΤΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From βοή (boē, "a cry, a shout") and θέω (theō, "to run"), literally meaning "to run to a cry for help."

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1325

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DOH-teh

Translations: give, grant, allow, entrust, deliver

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to give' or 'to grant'. It is used as a command or an exhortation, instructing someone or a group of people to perform the action of giving. It can also imply entrusting something to someone or delivering something.

Inflection: Second Person Plural, Aorist Active, Imperative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΔΩΜΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃-, meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated verb, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.

G5568

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psal-TEE-ree-on

Translations: psaltery, harp, lyre, stringed instrument, a stringed instrument, book of Psalms

Notes: This word refers to a stringed musical instrument, similar to a harp or lyre, which was commonly used in ancient times, especially in religious contexts. It can also refer to the Book of Psalms in the Bible, as the Psalms were often sung to the accompaniment of such an instrument. It is used to describe an instrument that produces music.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΙΘΑΡΑ, ΝΑΒΛΑ

Etymology: From the verb ψάλλω (psallō), meaning 'to pluck, to play a stringed instrument'. The suffix -τήριον (-tērion) indicates an instrument or place.

G5140

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: TERP-non

Translations: pleasant, delightful, agreeable, a pleasant thing

Notes: This word describes something that is pleasant, delightful, or agreeable. It is used to characterize things, experiences, or situations that bring joy or satisfaction. For example, it could describe a pleasant sound, a delightful place, or an agreeable situation.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΗΔΥΣ, ΧΑΡΙΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word "ΤΕΡΠΝΟΣ" comes from the verb "τέρπω" (terpō), meaning "to delight, to gladden, to satisfy."

G3326

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G3561

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: neh-oh-mee-NEE-ah

Translations: new moon, a new moon, new month, a new month

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'new' (νέος) and 'month' (μήν). It refers to the first day of the lunar month, which was a significant day in ancient Jewish and other cultures, often marked by religious observances or festivals. It can be used in contexts discussing calendar events or religious feasts.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; Plural, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Feminine

Etymology: From the Greek words νέος (neos, 'new') and μήν (mēn, 'month'). It literally means 'new month' or 'new moon'.

G2158

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-SEE-moh

Translations: (to) significant, (to) well-marked, (to) clear, (to) distinct, (to) a significant, (to) a well-marked, (to) a clear, (to) a distinct

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning significant, well-marked, or clear. It describes something that is easily recognizable, distinct, or important. It is used to qualify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses these qualities. For example, it could describe a significant day or a clear sign.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἘΠΙΣΗΜΟΣ, ἘΝΔΟΞΟΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G4368

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-TAG-ma

Translations: commandment, command, ordinance, decree, a commandment, an ordinance

Notes: This word refers to a command, order, or decree, often issued by an authority. It signifies something that has been enjoined or prescribed. It is typically used to refer to divine or human laws and regulations.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΝΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb προστάσσω (prostassō), meaning 'to order, command, appoint', which is formed from πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and τάσσω (tassō, 'to arrange, order').

G2474

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G2917

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KREE-mah

Translations: judgment, a judgment, condemnation, a condemnation, decision, a decision, sentence, a sentence, punishment, a punishment, justice, a justice

Notes: This word refers to a judgment, decision, or sentence, often with the implication of a legal or divine verdict. It can also refer to the act of judging or the outcome of a judgment, including condemnation or punishment. It is used in contexts ranging from legal proceedings to divine decrees.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΡΙΣΙΣ, ΔΙΚΗ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΜΑ

Etymology: From the verb κρίνω (krino), meaning 'to judge, decide, separate'. It refers to the result or outcome of judging.

G3142

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mar-too-REE-on

Translations: testimony, a testimony, witness, a witness, evidence, a proof

Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence. It is used to describe something that provides proof or confirmation of a fact or event. It can refer to the act of bearing witness or the content of what is testified.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ

Etymology: From G3144 (μάρτυς, 'martys'), meaning 'witness'. It refers to that which is borne witness to, or the content of a witness's testimony.

G5087

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-theh-toh

Translations: he placed, she placed, it placed, he put, she put, it put, he laid, she laid, it laid, he made, she made, it made, he appointed, she appointed, it appointed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative form of the verb 'τίθημι' (tithemi), meaning 'to place,' 'to put,' 'to lay,' 'to make,' or 'to appoint.' It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can be used in sentences like 'He placed the book on the table' or 'She appointed him as leader.' The middle/passive voice suggests the subject either performed the action for themselves or had the action done to them.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ἘΒΑΛΕΝ, ἘΠΟΙΗΣΕΝ, ἘΘΗΚΕΝ

G1831

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EL-thain

Translations: to go out, to come out, to depart, to exit

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'exerchomai', meaning 'to go out' or 'to come out'. It is a compound verb formed from 'ek' (out of) and 'erchomai' (to come/go). It describes the action of moving from an inside place to an outside place, or from one state to another. It can be used in contexts like leaving a house, departing from a city, or emerging from a situation.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G1093

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G1100

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GLOHS-san

Translations: tongue, a tongue, language, a language, speech, a speech, nation, a nation

Notes: This word refers to the anatomical organ of the tongue, but it can also refer to language or speech, as in a specific dialect or the act of speaking. In some contexts, it can even refer to a people group or nation, especially when referring to their distinct language. It is used in sentences to describe the physical tongue, the act of speaking, or a group of people defined by their shared language.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1097

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eg-NOH

Translations: knew, recognized, understood, perceived

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It describes an action of knowing or recognizing that occurred in the past, often implying a completed or definite act of gaining knowledge or understanding. It can be used in sentences like 'he knew' or 'she recognized'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

G0868

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-es-TAY-sen

Translations: he departed, he withdrew, he stood away, he turned away, he caused to revolt, he caused to withdraw, he removed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to depart, withdraw, or stand away from something or someone. It can also mean to cause someone or something to depart, withdraw, or revolt. In the provided examples, it is used to describe an action of removing or causing something to turn away, such as sleep from a king or mercy from someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

G0730

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-SEH-ohn

Translations: of men, of males

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'ΑΡΣΗΝ' (arsēn), which means 'male' or 'man'. It refers to the male gender, whether human or animal. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to' in English, referring to multiple males.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The word 'ΑΡΣΗΝ' (arsēn) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root related to rising or strength.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOH-ton

Translations: back, a back

Notes: This word refers to the back of a body, whether human or animal. It can be used literally to describe the physical back, or metaphorically to indicate turning away from something, as in 'turning one's back' on a command or person, implying disobedience or rejection.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ, ΡΑΧΙΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Proto-Indo-European root *sneh₁- meaning 'to spin, to twist', possibly referring to the spine.

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G2894

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOH-fee-noh

Translations: basket, a basket, (to) a basket, (of) baskets

Notes: This word refers to a basket, typically a large one used for carrying provisions or refuse. It is a common noun and can be used in various contexts where a container for carrying items is needed.

Inflection: Singular, Dative; Plural, Genitive; Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΠΥΡΙΣ, ΚΑΛΑΘΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of the word is uncertain, but it is thought to be of Semitic or Egyptian origin, possibly related to words for 'basket' or 'container' in those languages.

G2347

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thlip-SEI

Translations: (to) tribulation, (to) affliction, (to) distress, (to) trouble, in tribulation, in affliction, in distress, in trouble

Notes: This word refers to tribulation, affliction, distress, or trouble. It describes a state of pressure, suffering, or hardship. It is often used to denote severe difficulties or persecution. In a sentence, it would typically indicate the circumstances or state in which an action occurs, or the recipient of an action (in a figurative sense).

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ, ΠΑΘΗΜΑ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ

G1874

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ay-KOO-sah

Translations: listened to, heard, obeyed, answered

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'to') and the verb 'ἀκούω' (akouo, meaning 'to hear'). It means to listen to, hear, or obey, often implying a favorable or attentive hearing, such as listening to a prayer or obeying a command. It can also mean to answer, especially in the context of prayer.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΚΟΥΩ, ὙΠΑΚΟΥΩ

G2636

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-TAI-ghee-doss

Translations: (of) storm, (of) tempest, (of) whirlwind, (of) a storm

Notes: This word refers to a violent storm, a tempest, or a whirlwind. It describes a sudden and powerful atmospheric disturbance, often implying destructive force. It is used to describe both literal storms and metaphorical ones, such as a storm of divine judgment or a period of great trouble.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΕΛΛΑ, ΛΑΙΛΑΨ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΙΓΙΣ is a compound word, formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and αἰγίς (aigis), which refers to a 'goat-skin' or 'shield', often associated with Zeus's aegis, which could produce storms. Thus, it literally means 'down-rushing' or 'down-storming'.

G1381

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-doh-kee-MAH-sah

Translations: I tested, I proved, I examined, I approved, I discerned

Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'δοκιμάζω' (dokimazo). It means to test, prove, examine, or approve something or someone, often with the intent of discerning its quality or genuineness. It implies a process of scrutiny leading to a judgment of worth or authenticity. It can be used in contexts like testing metals, examining people's character, or approving something after careful consideration.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ, ΕΞΕΤΑΖΩ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G485

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-tee-loh-GEE-as

Translations: of contradiction, of dispute, of opposition, of rebellion

Notes: This word refers to a contradiction, dispute, or opposition. It can also denote rebellion or resistance. It is often used in contexts where there is a verbal or intellectual disagreement, or a challenge to authority.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΡΙΣ, ΜΑΧΗ, ΑΝΤΙΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀντιλογία (antilogía), from ἀντιλέγω (antilégō, “I speak against”), from ἀντί (antí, “against”) + λέγω (légō, “I say, I speak”).

G1283

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ap-SAL-ma

Translations: interlude, musical interlude, pause, a musical interlude, a pause

Notes: This word refers to a musical interlude or a pause, often found in the Septuagint (the Greek Old Testament) in the Psalms. It indicates a break in the text, likely for musical accompaniment or a change in musical performance. It functions as a noun in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart,' and ΨΑΛΜΑ (psalma), meaning 'psalm' or 'song.' It literally suggests something that occurs 'through' or 'between' a psalm or musical piece.

G2980

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-LEE-soh

Translations: I will speak, I will say, I will talk

Notes: This is the first person singular future active indicative form of the verb 'λαλέω' (laleō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It indicates an action that the speaker will perform in the future, such as 'I will speak' or 'I will say'. It is commonly used to express future communication or declaration.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΩ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: From an onomatopoeic root, imitating the sound of babbling or chattering. It originally referred to incoherent speech or babbling, but in Koine Greek, it evolved to mean speaking in general, often with a focus on the act of speaking rather than the content.

G4771

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G1263

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-mar-TOO-roh-my

Translations: testify, solemnly affirm, earnestly warn, charge, protest

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from διά (dia, 'through, thoroughly') and μαρτύρομαι (martyromai, 'to bear witness'). It means to bear witness thoroughly, to solemnly affirm, or to earnestly warn or charge someone. It is often used in a legal or formal context, emphasizing the seriousness and thoroughness of the testimony or warning. It can be used to call heaven and earth to witness, or to give a solemn injunction.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek διά (dia, 'through, thoroughly') and μαρτύρομαι (martyromai, 'to bear witness, to testify'). The prefix διά intensifies the meaning of bearing witness, implying a thorough or earnest testimony.

G1437

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G2316

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G4377

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PROS-fah-tos

Translations: new, recent, fresh, a new, a recent, a fresh

Notes: This word describes something that is new, recent, or fresh, often in contrast to something old or ancient. It refers to something that has just happened or been made, indicating a state of being newly created or acquired. It can be used to describe objects, events, or even people.

Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΣ, ΝΕΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ is a compound word derived from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning "to" or "towards," and the verb φάω (phaō), meaning "to shine" or "to appear." The combination suggests something that has just come into light or appeared, hence "new" or "recent."

G3761

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G4352

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-koo-NEE-sace

Translations: you shall worship, you will worship, you shall bow down, you will bow down, you shall prostrate yourself, you will prostrate yourself

Notes: This word means to prostrate oneself, to bow down, or to do obeisance, typically as an act of homage or worship. It implies a deep reverence or submission. It is used to describe the act of showing respect or adoration, often by falling to one's knees or face.

Inflection: Future Indicative, Second Person, Singular or Plural, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

G0245

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: al-LO-tree-oh

Translations: (to) another, (to) a stranger, (to) a foreigner, (to) an alien, (to) another's

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'belonging to another,' 'foreign,' or 'alien.' It describes something that is not one's own or someone who is not a native or a member of one's group. It is used to indicate possession by someone else or a foreign origin.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΞΕΝΟΣ, ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word comes from the Greek word ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other,' combined with the suffix -τριος, which indicates belonging or relation.

G1473

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G1510

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-MEE

Translations: I am, to be, exist, happen

Notes: This is the Koine Greek verb 'to be', 'to exist', or 'to happen'. It is a fundamental and highly irregular verb, often used as a copula (a linking verb) to connect the subject of a sentence to a predicate noun or adjective, indicating identity or a state of being. It can also indicate existence or occurrence. For example, 'Ἐγὼ εἰμι' translates to 'I am'.

Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: This verb is one of the oldest and most fundamental verbs in the Greek language, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages.

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G0321

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-GAH-gohn

Translations: leading up, bringing up, taking up, restoring, offering up

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb ἀνάγω (anago), meaning 'to lead up,' 'to bring up,' or 'to take up.' It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again,' and ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring.' It is often used in contexts of bringing people or things out of a lower place to a higher one, or out of a state of bondage or difficulty to freedom or safety. It can also refer to offering sacrifices 'up' to God.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΝΕΝΕΓΚΩΝ, ἈΝΕΒΙΒΑΣΕΝ, ἈΝΗΓΑΓΕΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, 'up, again') + ἄγω (ágō, 'to lead, to bring').

G4750

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STOH-mah

Translations: mouth, an mouth, opening, edge, speech, utterance

Notes: This word refers to the mouth of a person or animal. It can also metaphorically refer to an opening or entrance, such as the mouth of a river or a cave. Furthermore, it is often used to denote speech, utterance, or the edge of a sword or other sharp object, implying the 'cutting' or 'speaking' part. It is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΤΟΜΑΤΟΣ, ΣΤΟΜΑΤΙ, ΣΤΟΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'mouth' or 'opening'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: it, itself, the same

Notes: This word is a versatile pronoun and adjective. As a pronoun, it typically means 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or 'they,' depending on its gender and number. When used as an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or serve as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the noun it modifies, such as 'himself,' 'herself,' 'itself,' or 'themselves.' Its meaning is highly dependent on its grammatical case, number, and gender within a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'that, that one.' It developed into the Greek pronoun and adjective 'autos,' retaining its core sense of identity or self.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G4337

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ES-khen

Translations: paid attention, gave heed, attended, applied, devoted, gave oneself, was attentive, considered

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to pay attention to,' 'to give heed to,' or 'to apply oneself to.' It implies a deliberate act of focusing one's mind or efforts towards something or someone. It can be used to describe someone listening intently, or a person or even God giving careful consideration to a matter or a plea.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word προσέχω (prosechō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards,' and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold.' Thus, it literally means 'to hold towards' or 'to direct towards,' which evolved into the meaning 'to pay attention to.'

G2596

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G4198

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-YOO-son-tai

Translations: they will go, they will depart, they will travel, they will proceed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to go', 'to depart', 'to travel', or 'to proceed'. It is often used to describe movement from one place to another, whether literally walking, journeying, or metaphorically progressing in a certain direction or manner. It is the future indicative, third person plural form of the verb 'poreuō'.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G1519, G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G3367

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-DEH-nee

Translations: to no one, to nothing, for no one, for nothing, by no one, by nothing, with no one, with nothing, in no one, in nothing

Notes: This word is an indefinite negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone. It is often used in prohibitions or to state that something is not done by anyone or to anything. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, and as an adjective, it modifies a noun. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (mē, 'not') and ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one').

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝΙ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G1949

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-BAH-lon

Translations: they cast upon, they laid upon, they threw upon, they put upon, they imposed, they applied

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (upon, over) and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (to throw, cast). It means to cast, lay, or throw something upon someone or something. It can also imply imposing a burden, applying oneself to a task, or even attacking someone. Its meaning can vary depending on the context and the case of the object it takes.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΠΙΡΡΙΠΤΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2190

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ekh-THROY

Translations: enemies, foes, adversaries

Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or adversarial towards someone or something. It is used to describe opponents, whether in conflict, legal disputes, or general opposition. It can be used in a literal sense for military adversaries or in a more figurative sense for those who are opposed to a person's beliefs or actions.

Inflection: Nominative, Vocative, or Dative; Masculine; Plural

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΟΛΕΜΙΟΙ, ἈΝΤΙΔΙΚΟΙ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek verb ἔχθω (echthō), meaning 'to hate'. It is related to the concept of hatred and hostility.

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OO

Translations: of Lord, of the Lord, of God, of the Master

Notes: This word refers to a lord, master, or owner. In religious contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, often as a title of reverence and authority. It can be used in sentences like 'the house of the Lord' or 'the word of the Lord'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios) derives from the root κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'power, authority'. It originally referred to someone who possessed authority or control, such as a master or owner, and later evolved to be used as a title for deities or rulers.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G2540

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kai-ROS

Translations: time, a time, season, a season, appointed time, an appointed time, opportune time, an opportune time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, often implying a critical moment or a season of activity, as opposed to chronological time (chronos). It is used to denote the right or proper time for something to happen or be done.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΥΚΑΙΡΙΑ

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΚΑΙΡΟΣ' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb 'κείρω' (keirō), meaning 'to cut', possibly referring to a 'cut' or 'decisive' moment in time.

G4720

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: steh-AH-tos

Translations: of fat, of the fat, of marrow, of rich food

Notes: This word refers to fat, especially the fat of animals, which was often considered the best part and used in sacrifices or as a delicacy. It can also refer to marrow or rich food in general. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'fat of lambs' or 'fat of the mighty'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΙΟΤΗΣ, ΠΙΜΕΛΗ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to the idea of 'stuffing' or 'filling'.

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