Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Psalms / Chapter 129Psalms, Chapter 129
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G5603
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-DEH
Translations: song, ode, hymn, a song, an ode, a hymn
Notes: This word refers to a song, ode, or hymn. It is often used in a religious context to describe a sacred song or psalm. It can also refer more generally to any lyrical composition intended to be sung.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΥΜΝΟΣ, ΨΑΛΜΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb ἀείδω (aeidō), meaning 'to sing'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0321
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-bath-MOHN
Translations: of steps, of stairs, of ascents, of degrees
Notes: This word refers to steps, stairs, or degrees, often implying a progression or ascent. It is commonly used in the Septuagint and New Testament, particularly in the titles of the 'Songs of Ascents' (Psalms 120-134), which were likely sung by pilgrims going up to Jerusalem.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΛΙΜΑΚΩΝ, ΒΑΘΜΩΝ
Etymology: From ANA (up) and BAINO (to go), literally meaning 'that by which one goes up'.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.
G0901
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: bah-THEH-ohn
Translations: of deep things, from the depths, of depths
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΒΑΘΥΣ' (bathys), meaning 'deep' or 'profound'. It is often used to describe physical depth, like deep water or a deep pit, but can also refer to profound or hidden things, such as deep thoughts or the depths of one's being. In the genitive plural, it typically translates to 'of deep things' or 'from the depths', often implying a state of distress or a profound spiritual condition.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΒΥΘΟΣ, ΑΒΥΣΣΟΣ
G2896
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-KEK-rax-ah
Translations: I cried out, I shouted, I called out, I proclaimed
Notes: This word describes the act of crying out, shouting, or calling out loudly. It is often used in a context of urgent appeal, strong emotion, or public proclamation. The prefix 'ek-' (from 'ek') intensifies the action, suggesting a cry 'out from' or 'forth'.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΒΟΑΩ, ΚΕΚΡΑΓΑ, ΦΩΝΕΩ
G4571
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SEH
Translations: you
Notes: ΣΕ is the accusative singular form of the second-person pronoun, meaning 'you' when it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It indicates the person to whom an action is done or directed.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the accusative form of the second-person singular pronoun.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-eh
Translations: Lord, O Lord, Master, Sir
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΕ (Kyrie), which is the vocative form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It is used as a direct address to God or Jesus, meaning 'Lord' or 'Master'. It can also be used as a respectful address to a human, similar to 'Sir'.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
Etymology: From κύρω (kyro), meaning 'to have power' or 'to be master of'.
G1522
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eis-a-KOO-son
Translations: hear, listen, give ear, answer prayer
Notes: This word means to hear, listen, or give ear to something. It can also specifically mean to hear and answer a prayer, implying a positive response. It is often used in contexts where someone is paying close attention or responding to a request.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ is a compound verb formed from ΕΙΣ (EIS), meaning 'into' or 'to', and ΑΚΟΥΩ (AKOUO), meaning 'to hear'. This combination suggests hearing 'into' or 'towards' something, implying attentive listening or a response.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G5456
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PHOH-nays
Translations: (of) voice, (of) sound, (of) noise
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun ΦΩΝΗ (phōnē), meaning 'voice,' 'sound,' or 'noise.' It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of a voice,' 'of a sound,' or 'of a noise.' For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the sound of thunder' or 'the voice of the Lord.'
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-nay-THEE-toh
Translations: let it be, let it come to pass, let it happen, let it become
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be.' It is used here in the imperative mood, expressing a command or a wish for something to occur or come into existence. It often implies a process of change or development.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Imperative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΕΣΘΩ, ΕΣΤΩ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΕΤΩ
Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to words signifying birth, origin, and becoming.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G3775
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-TA
Translations: ears, an ear
Notes: This word refers to the organs of hearing. It is the plural form of the noun 'οὖς' (ous), meaning 'ear'. It can be used in sentences to refer to multiple ears.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G4337
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pros-E-khon-tah
Translations: paying attention, attending, giving heed, applying, being attentive, being near, holding to, adhering to
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προσέχω' (prosechō), meaning 'to hold to,' 'to turn one's mind to,' or 'to pay attention to.' It describes someone or something that is actively giving heed, attending, or applying themselves to something. It can be used to describe a person who is attentive or a thing that is near or adhering.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural; or Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΕΙΝ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩΝ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΟΥΣΑ
Etymology: The word προσέχω (prosechō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward,' and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold.' Thus, it literally means 'to hold toward' or 'to have toward,' which evolved into the sense of paying attention or applying oneself.
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G5456
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: foh-NAYN
Translations: voice, a voice, sound, a sound, report, a report
Notes: This word refers to a voice, sound, or report. It is often used to describe the sound produced by a living being, such as a human voice or the sound of an animal. It can also refer to a general sound or noise, or a message or report that is heard.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ, ΛΑΛΙΑ
G1162
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DEH-eh-seh-ohs
Translations: of prayer, of entreaty, of supplication
Notes: This word refers to a specific request or petition made to God or a person in authority. It emphasizes the act of making a humble and earnest appeal, often in a time of need or distress. It is commonly used in contexts of religious devotion and personal appeals.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΗΣ, ΙΚΕΤΗΡΙΑΣ
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ
Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.
G0458
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-no-MEE-as
Translations: of lawlessness, of iniquity, of wickedness, of unrighteousness, of transgression
Notes: This word refers to the state of being without law, or more commonly, the violation of law, especially divine law. It signifies a disregard for God's commands, leading to unrighteousness or iniquity. It can describe an act of transgression or the general condition of lawlessness.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ
G3907
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pah-rah-TEE-ray-sees
Translations: observation, careful watching, outward show, a careful watching, an outward show
Notes: This word refers to a careful observation or watching, often implying a hostile or critical intent, or a mere outward display or show rather than an inner reality. It can be used in contexts where someone is being watched closely, or where an event is observed for signs.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΗ
Etymology: This word comes from the verb παρατηρέω (parateréō), meaning 'to observe carefully' or 'to watch closely'. It is formed from παρά (pará), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and τηρέω (teréō), meaning 'to watch' or 'to guard'.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G5286
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-pos-TAY-see-teh
Translations: stand under, endure, resist, submit, promise, guarantee
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to stand under,' 'to endure,' 'to resist,' 'to submit,' or 'to promise/guarantee.' It implies taking a stand, either literally by standing beneath something, or figuratively by enduring a trial, resisting an opponent, or submitting to authority. It can also refer to undertaking a responsibility or giving assurance.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΣΤΗΝΑΙ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΕΓΓΥΑΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hypó, “under”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). It literally means 'to stand under' or 'to place oneself under'.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2434
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-las-MOS
Translations: propitiation, an atoning sacrifice, expiation
Notes: This noun refers to the act of propitiating or appeasing, especially in a religious context. It signifies a means by which divine wrath or displeasure is averted, often through a sacrifice or offering, leading to reconciliation. It describes the state of being reconciled or the means by which reconciliation is achieved.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΛΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ
Etymology: Derived from the verb ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai), meaning 'to propitiate' or 'to make atonement'. It relates to the concept of appeasing a deity or making amends for sin.
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It is commonly used to link a subject to a predicate, describing what the subject is or what state it is in. For example, it can mean 'he is' or 'it is', depending on the context.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G1752
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EN-eh-ken
Translations: because of, on account of, for the sake of, (of) for, (of) by reason of
Notes: ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an improper preposition that typically takes the genitive case, meaning 'because of' or 'on account of'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'for this reason' or 'therefore'. It is used to express the cause or reason behind an action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect; takes the genitive case when used as a preposition.
Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ
Etymology: The word ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an ancient Greek word, likely formed from the preposition 'en' (in) and a form related to 'heka' (on account of). It has been in use since classical Greek and continued into Koine Greek.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OH-no-MA-tos
Translations: of name, of a name
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the Koine Greek noun 'ONOMA', meaning 'name'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, similar to how 'of a name' or 'a name's' would be used in English. For example, it could mean 'of the name' or 'by name' depending on the context.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
G5278
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-pe-MEH-nah
Translations: I endured, I persevered, I remained, I waited patiently
Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ὑπομένω (hypomenō). It means to endure, to persevere, to remain under, or to wait patiently. It describes an action completed in the past, often implying steadfastness in the face of difficulty or adversity.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ, ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ
G5278
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-peh-MEI-nen
Translations: he endured, he remained, he persevered, he waited patiently, he suffered
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ὑπομένω' (hypomenō). It describes an action of enduring, remaining, or persevering that occurred in the past. It implies a steadfastness in the face of difficulty or a patient waiting.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ, ΥΠΟΦΕΡΩ
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G5590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE
Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life
Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G3551
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOH-mon
Translations: law, a law, rule, principle
Notes: The word refers to a law, rule, or principle. In the context of the Bible, it often refers to the Mosaic Law or the Law of God, but it can also refer to a general principle or custom. It is used to denote a standard of conduct or a governing regulation.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΝΩΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΕΝΤΟΛΗ
Etymology: From a root meaning "to parcel out, distribute." It originally referred to anything assigned or apportioned, and later came to mean a custom, usage, or law.
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-gon
Translations: word, a word, message, a message, account, an account, reason, a reason, saying, a saying
Notes: This word refers to a word, message, statement, or account. It can also denote reason, speech, or a divine utterance. In a sentence, it often functions as the direct object, indicating what is being spoken, heard, or discussed.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ, ΜΥΘΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: of him, of it, his, its, of himself, of itself, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or an intensive/reflexive pronoun. In the genitive case, as seen here, it typically means 'of him' or 'of it' when referring to a third person, or 'his' or 'its' to indicate possession. It can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', especially when preceding the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G1679
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ayl-PI-sen
Translations: he hoped, he expected, he trusted, he put his hope, he put his trust
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ελπίζω' (elpizō). It describes a past action of hoping, expecting, or trusting that occurred at a specific point in time. It is often used to express a confident expectation or reliance on something or someone.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EP-ee
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a
Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'
Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-ON
Translations: Lord, a Lord
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΝ (KYRION), meaning 'Lord'. It is the accusative singular form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or sometimes to a human master or owner. In the provided context, it is used with the accusative article 'ΤΟΝ', indicating it is the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
Etymology: From ΚΥΡΟΣ (KYROS), meaning 'power' or 'authority'. It refers to one who has power or authority, hence 'lord' or 'master'.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.
G5438
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fy-LAH-kays
Translations: (of) guard, (of) prison, (of) watch, (of) custody, (of) a guard, (of) a prison, (of) a watch, (of) a custody
Notes: This word refers to the act of guarding, a place of confinement like a prison, or a period of watching, such as a night watch. It can also refer to the people who are guarding or keeping watch. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'of the guard' or 'belonging to the prison'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΡΙΟΝ, ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΦΡΟΥΡΑ
G4404
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-EE-as
Translations: of morning, of the morning, early morning
Notes: This word refers to the early part of the day, specifically the morning or dawn. It is often used in contexts describing the time of day when events occur, such as 'in the morning' or 'at dawn'. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or a relationship, like 'of the morning'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΡΘΡΟΥ, ΕΩΣ
G1679
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: el-pi-SAH-toh
Translations: let him hope, let him expect, let him trust
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hope,' 'to expect,' or 'to trust.' It is used to express a command or strong wish for someone else to engage in the act of hoping or trusting. It conveys a sense of confident expectation, often in a divine context.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Active Imperative
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ
G2474
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: IS-rah-AYL
Translations: Israel
Notes: This is a scribal abbreviation for the proper noun ἸΣΡΑΗΛ (Israel). It refers to the nation or people of Israel, the land of Israel, or sometimes the patriarch Jacob, from whom the nation descended. It is used to denote the descendants of Jacob, the twelve tribes, or the spiritual community of God's people.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Hebrew Yisra'el, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It is the name given to Jacob after he wrestled with an angel.
G3360
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEKH-ree
Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during
Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ
Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.
G3571
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOOK-tos
Translations: of night, of a night, night's
Notes: This word refers to the period of darkness between sunset and sunrise. As a genitive case, it indicates possession, origin, or time, often translated as 'of night' or 'by night'. It is used to specify when an event occurs or to describe something belonging to the night.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΚΟΤΟΣ, ΖΟΦΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-oh
Translations: (to) the Lord, (to) a Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΩ (Kyrio), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used in the dative case, indicating the recipient or indirect object of an action. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'to the Lord' or 'for the Lord'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G1656
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EH-leh-os
Translations: mercy, pity, compassion, a mercy
Notes: This word refers to mercy, pity, or compassion, often extended by a superior to an inferior, or by one who has the power to help to one who is in need. It signifies an active demonstration of compassion, not just a feeling. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΟΣ, ΕΥΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΙΑ
Etymology: The etymology of 'ΕΛΕΟΣ' is uncertain, but it is thought to be an ancient word with no clear connection to other Greek roots. It has been used since Homeric times.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LAY
Translations: much, many, great, abundant, a great (one)
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is used to describe a large quantity, size, or intensity of something. It can be used to modify nouns, indicating a great number or amount.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΣ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.
G3085
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: loo-TROH-sis
Translations: redemption, a redemption, ransom, a ransom, deliverance, a deliverance
Notes: This word refers to the act of redeeming or ransoming, often involving the payment of a price to secure release or freedom. It signifies deliverance from bondage, captivity, or a state of penalty, achieved through a compensatory act. It can be used in contexts of buying back property, freeing slaves, or spiritual salvation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΛΥΤΡΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ is derived from the verb ΛΥΤΡΟΩ (lytroō), meaning 'to redeem' or 'to ransom', which itself comes from ΛΥΤΡΟΝ (lytron), meaning 'a ransom price'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOS
Translations: he, she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very, a same, the same
Notes: This word functions as both a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it can mean 'he, she, it' (third person personal pronoun) or be used intensively to mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. When used as an adjective, it means 'the same' or 'the very'. Its meaning depends on its position and context within a sentence. For example, when used attributively with an article (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς), it means 'the same'. When used predicatively or without an article, it often has an intensive meaning ('he himself').
Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to- (self, same).
G3084
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: loo-TROH-seh-tai
Translations: he will redeem, he will ransom, he will deliver, he will set free
Notes: This word means to redeem, ransom, or deliver someone, often by paying a price. It implies an act of liberation from bondage, captivity, or obligation. It is used to describe an action that will happen in the future, indicating a future act of redemption or deliverance.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΣΩΖΩ, ΕΞΑΓΟΡΑΖΩ
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: ISL
Translations: unknown
Notes: This word appears to be a fragment or a misspelling. In Koine Greek, 'ΙΣΛ' does not correspond to a known word or abbreviation. It is possible it is part of a larger word, a transcription error, or an abbreviation not commonly documented.
Inflection: Unknown
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PA-soh
Translations: all, every, whole, all things, everything
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or entirety of something. It can be used with nouns to specify that all members of a group are included, or it can stand alone as a substantive meaning 'all things' or 'everyone'. It is a highly versatile word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for expressing totality.
G0458
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-no-MEE-ohn
Translations: of lawlessness, of iniquity, of wickedness, of unrighteousness
Notes: This word refers to the state or act of being without law, or of violating the law. It signifies lawlessness, iniquity, or wickedness, often implying a disregard for divine or moral law. It is the genitive plural form of the noun 'anomia'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΝΟΜΙΑ
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