Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Psalms / Chapter 121Psalms, Chapter 121
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G5603
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-DEH
Translations: song, ode, hymn, a song, an ode, a hymn
Notes: This word refers to a song, ode, or hymn. It is often used in a religious context to describe a sacred song or psalm. It can also refer more generally to any lyrical composition intended to be sung.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΥΜΝΟΣ, ΨΑΛΜΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb ἀείδω (aeidō), meaning 'to sing'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0321
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-bath-MOHN
Translations: of steps, of stairs, of ascents, of degrees
Notes: This word refers to steps, stairs, or degrees, often implying a progression or ascent. It is commonly used in the Septuagint and New Testament, particularly in the titles of the 'Songs of Ascents' (Psalms 120-134), which were likely sung by pilgrims going up to Jerusalem.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΛΙΜΑΚΩΝ, ΒΑΘΜΩΝ
Etymology: From ANA (up) and BAINO (to go), literally meaning 'that by which one goes up'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G1138
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: DAH-veed
Translations: David
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for the proper noun ΔΑΥΙΔ (David). It refers to the famous biblical king of Israel, David. It is used in sentences to identify the person David, often in a nominative or genitive context, depending on the full form it represents.
Inflection: Does not inflect (proper noun)
Etymology: The name ΔΑΥΙΔ (David) is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name דָּוִד (Dawid), meaning 'beloved' or 'friend'.
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DAD
Translations: torch, a torch, firebrand, a firebrand
Notes: This word refers to a torch or a firebrand. It is a simple noun used to denote a source of light or fire, often carried by hand. It is a root word and does not appear to be a compound.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΥΡ, ΛΥΧΝΟΣ
Etymology: The etymology of ΔΑΔ is uncertain, but it is believed to be of pre-Greek origin, possibly related to words for burning or shining.
G2165
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-FRAHN-thayn
Translations: I was made glad, I was made joyful, I was made merry, I rejoiced, I was delighted, I was cheered
Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ (euphrainō). It describes the state of being made glad, joyful, or merry by an external influence, or the act of rejoicing oneself. It implies a deep sense of happiness or delight.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ
Etymology: The verb ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ (euphrainō) is derived from the Greek words ΕΥ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and ΦΡΗΝ (phrēn), meaning 'mind' or 'heart'. Thus, it literally means 'to be well-minded' or 'to be in good spirits'.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EP-ee
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a
Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'
Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G2046
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-RAY-koh-sin
Translations: having said, to have said, to those who have said, to those who spoke
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an action that has already been completed by a group of people, indicating 'to those who have said' or 'to those who spoke'. It functions as a participle, often used substantively.
Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-kon
Translations: house, home, household, temple, dwelling
Notes: This word refers to a house, a dwelling place, or a household, which can include the family members and servants living within it. It can also refer to a temple or a place of worship. It is often used to denote a physical structure, but can also metaphorically represent a family line or a spiritual dwelling.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koo-REE-oo
Translations: of Lord, of the Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΥ (Kyriou), which is the genitive form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It means 'of the Lord' or 'of Lord' and is commonly used to refer to God or Jesus in ancient Greek texts. It indicates possession or origin related to the Lord.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΥ
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: por-yoo-SOH-meth-ah
Translations: we will go, we shall go, we will travel, we shall travel
Notes: This word means 'we will go' or 'we shall travel'. It is a verb indicating future action of moving or journeying. It is used when a group of people (including the speaker) intends to proceed to a place or embark on a journey.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Future Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΟΔΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word πορεύομαι (poreuomai) is derived from the noun πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way, a passage, a ford'. It signifies movement along a path or through a passage.
G2476
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ess-TOH-tess
Translations: standing, having stood, those standing, they who stood
Notes: This word is the perfect active participle of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in a state of having stood or having taken a stand. It can refer to individuals or groups who are currently standing, or who have previously taken a position and remain in that state.
Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΕΣΤΩΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΕΣΤΩΤΕΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-sahn
Translations: they were, they had been
Notes: ΗΣΑΝ is an inflected form of the verb 'ΕΙΜΙ' (eimi), meaning 'to be'. Specifically, it is the third person plural imperfect indicative form. It describes an ongoing or continuous state or action in the past, often translated as 'they were' or 'they used to be'. It is commonly used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects in a past context.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative
Etymology: The Koine Greek verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi) derives from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental and frequently used verbs in the language, indicating existence, state, or identity.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G4228
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PO-des
Translations: feet
Notes: This word is the plural form of 'ΠΟΥΣ' (pous), meaning 'foot'. It refers to the anatomical structures at the end of the leg, used for standing and walking. It is commonly used in various contexts to describe movement, position, or a part of the body.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH-ees
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate that the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the dative case, often signifying indirect objects, recipients, or the means by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to the' or 'for the', or simply 'the' depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
G0833
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ow-LAIS
Translations: courts, courtyards, folds, sheepfolds, palaces
Notes: This word refers to an open area, typically a courtyard or an enclosure. It can be used to describe the courtyard of a house, a temple, or even a sheepfold. In some contexts, it can also refer to a palace or a royal residence, emphasizing the grandeur of the enclosed space.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΥΛΑΙ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G2414
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: hee-eh-roo-sah-LEM
Translations: Jerusalem
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for Ἱερουσαλήμ (Hierousalem), which is the Greek name for Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Judea and a significant religious center. It is a proper noun referring to the city itself. The apostrophe-like mark at the end (ʼ) is a keraia, which can sometimes indicate a number, but in this context, it is most likely a scribal mark or a variant of the abbreviation for the city name. It is used to refer to the city in various contexts, such as its inhabitants, its structures, or people coming from it.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive or Dative (indeclinable)
Etymology: The name Ἱερουσαλήμ (Hierousalem) is of Hebrew origin, derived from יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushalayim). It is a compound word, likely meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'.
G3618
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: oy-ko-do-moo-MEH-nay
Translations: being built, being edified, being constructed, being established
Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being built' or 'being edified'. It describes something that is in the process of being constructed or spiritually strengthened. It can refer to the physical construction of a building or the spiritual growth and establishment of a community or individual.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present, Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-lis
Translations: city, a city, town, a town
Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.
G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: HAYS
Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what
Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G3352
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: meh-TO-khee
Translations: participation, a participation, sharing, a sharing, fellowship, a fellowship, partnership, a partnership
Notes: This word refers to the act of sharing in something, having a part in it, or participating with others. It can denote a joint activity, a common interest, or a close association. It is often used in contexts of spiritual fellowship or partnership.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ, ΣΥΜΜΕΤΟΧΗ
Etymology: From the Greek verb μετέχω (metechō), meaning 'to partake of, share in', which is itself a compound of μετά (meta), meaning 'with, among', and ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have, hold'. Thus, it signifies the state of having or holding something in common with others.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEES
Translations: of her, of it, her, its
Notes: This word is a pronoun meaning 'of her' or 'of it', referring to a feminine noun or concept. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, similar to the English 'her' or 'its' when referring to a feminine antecedent. For example, 'the house of her' or 'her house'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OW-toh
Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it
Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
G1563
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-KEH-ee
Translations: there, in that place, to that place
Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'there' or 'in that place'. It indicates a location distinct from the speaker's current position. It can also imply movement 'to that place'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΝΘΑΔΕ, ΕΝΤΑΥΘΑ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ἐκεῖνος (ekeinos), meaning 'that one'.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G0305
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-NEH-bee-sahn
Translations: they went up, they ascended, they climbed
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist indicative form of the verb 'ΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ', meaning 'to go up', 'to ascend', or 'to climb'. It describes an action of moving upwards, often in the context of physical elevation, such as going up a mountain, a building, or to a city like Jerusalem, which was considered geographically higher. It can also be used metaphorically for rising in status or appearing.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral
Sounds like: AI
Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11
Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)
Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.
G5443
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FY-lai
Translations: tribes, clans, nations, peoples
Notes: This word refers to a tribe, clan, or nation, often denoting a division of people, such as the tribes of Israel. It can also refer to a race or a people group. In a broader sense, it can mean a multitude or a large group of people.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΗ, ΓΕΝΗ
G3142
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mar-too-REE-on
Translations: testimony, a testimony, witness, a witness, evidence, a proof
Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence. It is used to describe something that provides proof or confirmation of a fact or event. It can refer to the act of bearing witness or the content of what is testified.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ
Etymology: From G3144 (μάρτυς, 'martys'), meaning 'witness'. It refers to that which is borne witness to, or the content of a witness's testimony.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2474
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: iss-rah-EL
Translations: Israel
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for the proper noun 'Israel'. It refers to the nation of Israel, the descendants of Jacob, or the land occupied by them. It is used in various contexts to denote the people of God or the geographical region.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word 'Israel' comes from the Hebrew word 'Yisra'el', meaning 'God contends' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).
G1843
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-oh-moh-loh-GEE-sas-thai
Translations: to confess, to acknowledge, to profess, to give thanks, to praise
Notes: This word is an infinitive form of a verb meaning to confess or acknowledge, often with the implication of giving thanks or praise. It can be used in contexts of admitting sins, professing faith, or expressing gratitude to God. It is a compound word, combining 'ΕΞ' (out of) and 'ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ' (to speak the same, to agree).
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΕΩ, ΑΙΝΕΩ
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-NO-ma-tee
Translations: to name, to a name, by name, in the name (of), for the name (of), for a name
Notes: This word refers to a name, reputation, or character. It is often used in phrases like 'in the name of' or 'by name' to indicate authority, identity, or purpose. As a dative case, it typically answers the question 'to whom?' or 'for what?' or indicates the means by which something is done.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΠΩΝΥΜΙΑ, ΚΛΗΣΙΣ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G2523
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-KAH-thi-san
Translations: they sat, they sat down, they took their seats
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'καθίζω' (kathizō), meaning 'to sit' or 'to cause to sit'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point, indicating that a group of people performed the act of sitting.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΘΕΥΔΩ
G2362
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THRO-noy
Translations: thrones
Notes: This word refers to a seat of state, a chair of authority, or a royal seat. It is commonly used to denote the seat occupied by a king, a deity, or any person in a position of high power or authority. In a broader sense, it can also represent the power or authority itself.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ, ΕΔΡΑ
G2920
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KREE-seen
Translations: judgment, a judgment, decision, condemnation, a condemnation, justice, a justice, dispute, a dispute
Notes: This word refers to a judgment, decision, or the act of judging. It can also mean condemnation or the process of discerning right from wrong. It is often used in contexts of legal or divine judgment, or in a more general sense of making a decision or distinguishing between things.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΡΙΜΑ, ΔΙΚΗ
H1907
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: DAHD
Translations: Hadad
Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely referring to the personal name Hadad. The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that it is a numeral, specifically the number 4. However, in the context of the provided examples, it appears to be part of a proper name, such as 'ΗΝΑΔΑΔ' (Henadad). The keraia might also indicate an elision, but given the context of proper names, it's more likely a numerical value or a scribal mark. It is used as a name for individuals.
Inflection: Does not inflect (when used as a proper noun)
Etymology: The name Hadad is of Semitic origin, derived from a West Semitic root meaning 'thunder' or 'shout'. It was the name of a prominent storm god in ancient Near Eastern mythology.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G2158
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-THEH-nee-ah
Translations: prosperity, abundance, success, good fortune, a good supply
Notes: This word refers to a state of prosperity, abundance, or good fortune. It describes a situation where there is a plentiful supply of resources or a general state of well-being and success. It can be used to describe a period of flourishing or a condition of having everything one needs.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΠΟΡΙΑ, ΠΛΟΥΤΟΣ, ΕΥΗΜΕΡΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek word εὐθηνέω (eutheneō), meaning 'to thrive' or 'to prosper', which is derived from εὖ (eu, 'well') and θηνέω (theneō, 'to abound').
G0025
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-gah-POH-sin
Translations: they love, they are loving, they may love, they might love
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to love' or 'to have affection for'. It is used to describe the action of multiple subjects (they) who are currently loving or who might love. It can refer to a general, unconditional love (agape love) or a more general affection, depending on context. It is the third person plural form of the verb.
Inflection: Present Tense, Active Voice, 3rd Person Plural, Indicative or Subjunctive Mood
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΕΩ, ΕΡΑΩ
G4571
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SEH
Translations: you
Notes: ΣΕ is the accusative singular form of the second-person pronoun, meaning 'you' when it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It indicates the person to whom an action is done or directed.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the accusative form of the second-person singular pronoun.
G2065
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-roh-TEE-sah-teh
Translations: you asked, you questioned, you requested, you begged
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to ask', 'to question', 'to request', or 'to beg'. It is used when someone is seeking information or making a plea. The specific nuance of its meaning can depend on the context, but it generally implies a direct inquiry or petition.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ
G1211
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: DAY
Translations: now, indeed, then, already, certainly, truly, come, go to
Notes: This word is an indeclinable particle used to give emphasis, urgency, or to mark a transition in discourse. It can express a sense of 'now' or 'already', or it can be used to urge someone to action, similar to 'come on' or 'go to'. It often adds a sense of immediacy or certainty to a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΓΕ, ΝΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to emphasize or urge.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ei-RAY-nayn
Translations: peace, a peace, tranquility, harmony, rest
Notes: This word refers to a state of peace, tranquility, or harmony. It can describe a cessation of conflict, a sense of well-being, or a harmonious relationship between individuals or groups. It is often used in contexts of spiritual or social peace.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗϹΥΧΙΑ, ΓΑΛΗΝΗ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥϹΙϹ
Etymology: The word ΕΙΡΗΝΗ (eirēnē) is derived from the Greek verb εἴρω (eirō), meaning 'to join' or 'to bind together'. It originally conveyed the idea of a state of being joined together in unity and harmony, leading to the meaning of peace.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-NES-thoh
Translations: let it be, let it come to pass, may it happen, let it become
Notes: This word is a verb in the imperative mood, expressing a command, wish, or permission for something to happen or come into existence. It is often translated as "let it be" or "may it happen," indicating a desired outcome or a divine decree. It is used to express a command or a strong desire for an event or state to occur.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative Mood
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΓΙΓΝΟΜΑΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from an ancient Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to the English word 'kin' and 'genesis'.
G1515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: i-RAY-nay
Translations: peace, a peace, tranquility, harmony, rest, prosperity
Notes: This word refers to a state of peace, tranquility, or harmony. It can denote the absence of conflict, a sense of well-being, or even prosperity. It is often used in greetings or farewells, wishing someone well, and can refer to both internal peace and external societal peace.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΑΛΗΝΗ, ΗΣΥΧΙΑ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΙΡΗΝΗ is of uncertain origin, possibly derived from a verb meaning 'to join' or 'to bind together', suggesting a state of unity or agreement.
G1411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DY-na-me
Translations: (by) power, (by) strength, (by) ability, (by) might, (by) force, (by) miracle
Notes: This word refers to inherent power, strength, or ability. It can also denote miraculous power or a specific miracle. In this form, it is typically used to indicate the means or instrument by which something is done, often translated with 'by' or 'in'. It is a compound word, but its root is a single word.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΙ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΙ
G4444, G0922
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poor-go-BAH-reh-sin
Translations: (to) towers of strength, (to) strong towers, (to) fortified towers
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'πύργος' (tower) and 'βάρος' (weight, burden, strength). It refers to strong, fortified towers or places of strength. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe locations or structures that offer protection and stability, often in a metaphorical sense.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑΤΑ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΑ
G1752
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EH-neh-kah
Translations: because of, on account of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that means 'because of,' 'on account of,' or 'for the sake of.' It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case, indicating the reason or purpose for something. For example, one might say 'ΕΝΕΚΑ ΤΟΥ ΝΟΜΟΥ' (heneka tou nomou) meaning 'because of the law.'
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ
Etymology: From an obsolete noun meaning 'cause' or 'reason'. It is related to the Greek word 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOHN
Translations: of brothers, of brethren, of fellow believers, of countrymen
Notes: This word refers to a male sibling, a brother. In a broader sense, especially in religious or communal contexts, it can refer to fellow believers, countrymen, or members of the same group or community. The form ΑΔΕΛΦΩΝ is the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of brothers' or 'of brethren'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΙ, ΣΥΝΔΟΥΛΟΙ
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G4139
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-see-on
Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor
Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ
G2980
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-LAH-loon
Translations: they were speaking, they spoke, they were talking, they talked
Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'They were speaking to the crowd' or 'They kept talking about the matter'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-KOO
Translations: of a house, of a home, of a household, of a family, of a temple, of a dwelling
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a house, home, or dwelling place. It can also refer to a household, family, or even a temple. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. It is used to describe the place where people live or a group of people living together.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-OO
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.
G1567
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-eh-ZAY-tay-sah
Translations: I sought out, I searched for, I investigated, I inquired, I demanded
Notes: This word describes the action of diligently seeking, searching, or investigating something. It implies a thorough and earnest effort to find or understand, often with the nuance of demanding or requiring something. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ΕΚ' (EK), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb 'ΖΗΤΕΩ' (ZETEO), meaning 'to seek'.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΡΕΥΝΑΩ, ΕΠΙΖΗΤΕΩ
Etymology: The root verb ΖΗΤΕΩ (ZETEO) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to seek' or 'to inquire'. The prefix ΕΞ- (EX-) comes from the preposition ΕΚ (EK), meaning 'out of' or 'from', intensifying the action of seeking.
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-ga-THA
Translations: good, good things, benefits, blessings, advantages
Notes: This word refers to that which is good in nature, quality, or character. It can describe a person, an action, or a thing. When used as a noun, it often refers to 'good things' or 'benefits'. It is frequently used in a moral or ethical sense, denoting what is morally upright or beneficial.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
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