2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G5056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-los

Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty

Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G3025

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LAY-nohn

Translations: of a winepress, of a wine vat, of a press

Notes: This word refers to a winepress or a wine vat, which is a large container or structure used for pressing grapes to extract their juice, typically for making wine. It can also refer to the collected juice or wine itself. In a sentence, it would be used to indicate possession or origin related to a winepress, such as 'the fruit of the winepress' or 'the wine from the winepress'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word ΛΗΝΟΣ (lēnos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek.

G5568

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psal-MOS

Translations: psalm, a psalm, song, a song

Notes: This word refers to a psalm or a sacred song, often accompanied by stringed instruments. It is commonly used in the context of religious hymns or poetic compositions, particularly those found in the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It can be used to describe the act of singing or playing such a song.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΥΜΝΟΣ, ΩΔΗ

Etymology: From ψάλλω (psallō, "to pluck, play a stringed instrument"). It originally referred to the plucking of a stringed instrument, then to the song sung to the accompaniment of such an instrument.

G0021

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-gal-LEE-as-theh

Translations: rejoice, be glad, exult, leap for joy

Notes: This word means to rejoice or exult with great joy, often expressing a deep inner gladness that might manifest outwardly. It is frequently used in a religious or spiritual context to describe the joy experienced in God or in response to good news. It is a compound word, formed from the prefix 'αγα' (aga), intensifying the meaning, and 'αλλομαι' (hallomai), meaning 'to leap' or 'spring'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Imperative, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ

G0997

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: boh-ay-THOH

Translations: to help, to aid, to assist, to succor

Notes: This verb means to come to the aid of someone, to provide assistance, or to give help. It implies providing support, often in a time of need or difficulty. It can be used with a dative object to indicate the person being helped.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΕΩ, ΑΝΤΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From βοή (boē, "a cry, a shout") and θέω (theō, "to run"), literally meaning "to run to a cry for help."

G249

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-lah-LAK-sah-teh

Translations: cry aloud, shout, wail, lament, utter a war-cry, shout for joy

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to cry aloud, shout, or wail. It can be used in various contexts, from expressing grief or lamentation to uttering a war-cry or shouting for joy. It often implies a loud, emotional, or intense vocalization.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΒΟΑΩ, ΟΛΟΛΥΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἀλαλάζω (alalazō) is an onomatopoeic word, meaning it imitates the sound it describes. It is derived from the cry 'ἀλαλαί' (alalái), which was a war-cry or a shout of joy or lament.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DOH-teh

Translations: give, grant, allow, entrust, deliver

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to give' or 'to grant'. It is used as a command or an exhortation, instructing someone or a group of people to perform the action of giving. It can also imply entrusting something to someone or delivering something.

Inflection: Second Person Plural, Aorist Active, Imperative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΔΩΜΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃-, meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated verb, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.

G5568

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psal-TEE-ree-on

Translations: psaltery, harp, lyre, stringed instrument, a stringed instrument, book of Psalms

Notes: This word refers to a stringed musical instrument, similar to a harp or lyre, which was commonly used in ancient times, especially in religious contexts. It can also refer to the Book of Psalms in the Bible, as the Psalms were often sung to the accompaniment of such an instrument. It is used to describe an instrument that produces music.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΙΘΑΡΑ, ΝΑΒΛΑ

Etymology: From the verb ψάλλω (psallō), meaning 'to pluck, to play a stringed instrument'. The suffix -τήριον (-tērion) indicates an instrument or place.

G5140

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: TERP-non

Translations: pleasant, delightful, agreeable, a pleasant thing

Notes: This word describes something that is pleasant, delightful, or agreeable. It is used to characterize things, experiences, or situations that bring joy or satisfaction. For example, it could describe a pleasant sound, a delightful place, or an agreeable situation.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΗΔΥΣ, ΧΑΡΙΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word "ΤΕΡΠΝΟΣ" comes from the verb "τέρπω" (terpō), meaning "to delight, to gladden, to satisfy."

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G3561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: neh-oh-mee-NEE-ah

Translations: new moon, a new moon, new month, a new month

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'new' (νέος) and 'month' (μήν). It refers to the first day of the lunar month, which was a significant day in ancient Jewish and other cultures, often marked by religious observances or festivals. It can be used in contexts discussing calendar events or religious feasts.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; Plural, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Feminine

Etymology: From the Greek words νέος (neos, 'new') and μήν (mēn, 'month'). It literally means 'new month' or 'new moon'.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G4368

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-TAG-ma

Translations: commandment, command, ordinance, decree, a commandment, an ordinance

Notes: This word refers to a command, order, or decree, often issued by an authority. It signifies something that has been enjoined or prescribed. It is typically used to refer to divine or human laws and regulations.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΝΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb προστάσσω (prostassō), meaning 'to order, command, appoint', which is formed from πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and τάσσω (tassō, 'to arrange, order').

G2917

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KREE-mah

Translations: judgment, a judgment, condemnation, a condemnation, decision, a decision, sentence, a sentence, punishment, a punishment, justice, a justice

Notes: This word refers to a judgment, decision, or sentence, often with the implication of a legal or divine verdict. It can also refer to the act of judging or the outcome of a judgment, including condemnation or punishment. It is used in contexts ranging from legal proceedings to divine decrees.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΡΙΣΙΣ, ΔΙΚΗ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΜΑ

Etymology: From the verb κρίνω (krino), meaning 'to judge, decide, separate'. It refers to the result or outcome of judging.

G3142

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mar-too-REE-on

Translations: testimony, a testimony, witness, a witness, evidence, a proof

Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence. It is used to describe something that provides proof or confirmation of a fact or event. It can refer to the act of bearing witness or the content of what is testified.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ

Etymology: From G3144 (μάρτυς, 'martys'), meaning 'witness'. It refers to that which is borne witness to, or the content of a witness's testimony.

G2501

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-SEF

Translations: Joseph

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the biblical name Joseph. It is used to identify individuals named Joseph, such as Joseph, the husband of Mary, or Joseph of Arimathea. As a proper noun, it does not typically change meaning based on context.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive or Dative

Etymology: The name Joseph is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Yosef, meaning 'He will add' or 'God will increase'. It is a common name in the Old and New Testaments.

G5087

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-theh-toh

Translations: he placed, he put, he laid, he set, he appointed, he made, he established, he laid down, he laid up, he put for himself, he placed for himself, he laid for himself, he set for himself

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist indicative middle voice of the verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (tithemi), meaning 'to put, place, lay, or set'. In the middle voice, the action is performed by the subject for their own benefit or with a particular interest in the outcome, or it can simply be a reflexive action. Therefore, it often translates as 'he/she/it put/placed/laid/set for himself/herself/itself' or 'he/she/it made/appointed for himself/herself/itself'. It can also mean 'to establish' or 'to lay down' (as in a law or a life).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (tithemi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-, meaning 'to put, place, set'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with many derivatives and compounds.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G1537

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EK

Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G1100

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GLOHS-san

Translations: tongue, a tongue, language, a language, speech, a speech, nation, a nation

Notes: This word refers to the anatomical organ of the tongue, but it can also refer to language or speech, as in a specific dialect or the act of speaking. In some contexts, it can even refer to a people group or nation, especially when referring to their distinct language. It is used in sentences to describe the physical tongue, the act of speaking, or a group of people defined by their shared language.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G0191

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-KOO-sen

Translations: he heard, she heard, it heard, he listened, she listened, it listened, he understood, she understood, it understood

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hear', 'to listen', or 'to understand'. It is used to describe the action of perceiving sound or comprehending information. As an aorist tense verb, it describes a completed action in the past, without specifying its duration. It is in the third person singular, meaning the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

G0868

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-PEH-stee-sen

Translations: he caused to stand away, he caused to revolt, he caused to withdraw, he caused to depart, he caused to fall away, he caused to desert, he caused to apostatize

Notes: This is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi). It means 'he caused to stand away,' 'he caused to revolt,' or 'he caused to withdraw.' It describes an action where someone or something is made to separate or depart from another, often implying a defection, rebellion, or apostasy. It can be used in contexts of political revolt, religious defection, or simply causing someone to leave a place or position.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΛΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOH-ton

Translations: back, a back

Notes: This word refers to the back of a body, whether human or animal. It can be used literally to describe the physical back, or metaphorically to indicate turning away from something, as in 'turning one's back' on a command or person, implying disobedience or rejection.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ, ΡΑΧΙΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Proto-Indo-European root *sneh₁- meaning 'to spin, to twist', possibly referring to the spine.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G2894

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOH-fee-noh

Translations: basket, a basket, (to) a basket, (of) baskets

Notes: This word refers to a basket, typically a large one used for carrying provisions or refuse. It is a common noun and can be used in various contexts where a container for carrying items is needed.

Inflection: Singular, Dative; Plural, Genitive; Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΠΥΡΙΣ, ΚΑΛΑΘΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of the word is uncertain, but it is thought to be of Semitic or Egyptian origin, possibly related to words for 'basket' or 'container' in those languages.

G2347

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thlip-SEI

Translations: (to) tribulation, (to) affliction, (to) distress, (to) trouble, in tribulation, in affliction, in distress, in trouble

Notes: This word refers to tribulation, affliction, distress, or trouble. It describes a state of pressure, suffering, or hardship. It is often used to denote severe difficulties or persecution. In a sentence, it would typically indicate the circumstances or state in which an action occurs, or the recipient of an action (in a figurative sense).

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ, ΠΑΘΗΜΑ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ

G1941

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-kah-LEH-soh

Translations: you called upon, you appealed to, you invoked, you named, you surnamed

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'epikaleō', meaning 'to call upon', 'to appeal to', or 'to invoke'. It is used when someone calls upon a higher power, a person, or a name for help, authority, or identification. It can also mean to name or surname someone. In this specific form, it indicates an action performed by 'you' (singular) in the past.

Inflection: Second Person Singular, Aorist Middle Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΚΑΛΕΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb ΚΑΛΕΩ (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. Thus, it literally means 'to call upon'.

Part of Speech: Verb Ending

Sounds like: MAI

Translations: I am, I am being, I myself

Notes: This is a common verb ending in Koine Greek, specifically indicating the first person singular (I) in the middle or passive voice. It is used to form various tenses and moods, such as the present indicative middle/passive, or the perfect indicative middle/passive. It signifies that the subject is either performing an action on themselves (middle voice) or is receiving the action (passive voice).

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative or Subjunctive or Imperative or Optative Mood

Etymology: This ending is derived from Proto-Indo-European *-(m)ai, a primary middle voice ending. It evolved from earlier forms of Greek, maintaining its function to denote the first person singular in the middle or passive voice.

G1874

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ay-KOO-sah

Translations: I heard, I listened, I obeyed, I answered, I gave ear

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ΕΠΙ' (epi, meaning 'upon, to, in addition') and the verb 'ΑΚΟΥΩ' (akouo, meaning 'to hear'). It signifies hearing attentively, listening closely, or giving heed to something. Depending on the context, it can imply obedience, answering a call, or simply hearing something that comes to one's attention.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

G2636

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-TAI-ghee-doss

Translations: (of) storm, (of) tempest, (of) whirlwind, (of) a storm

Notes: This word refers to a violent storm, a tempest, or a whirlwind. It describes a sudden and powerful atmospheric disturbance, often implying destructive force. It is used to describe both literal storms and metaphorical ones, such as a storm of divine judgment or a period of great trouble.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΕΛΛΑ, ΛΑΙΛΑΨ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΙΓΙΣ is a compound word, formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and αἰγίς (aigis), which refers to a 'goat-skin' or 'shield', often associated with Zeus's aegis, which could produce storms. Thus, it literally means 'down-rushing' or 'down-storming'.

G1381

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-doh-KEE-mah-sah

Translations: I tested, I approved, I examined, I proved, I discerned, I tried

Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ. It describes an action that was completed in the past. The verb generally means to test, examine, or prove something to determine its quality or genuineness. It can also mean to approve something after testing it, or to discern its true nature. It implies a process of evaluation leading to a conclusion.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ, ΒΑΣΑΝΙΖΩ, ΕΞΕΤΑΖΩ

Etymology: The verb ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ is derived from the noun ΔΟΚΙΜΟΣ (DOKIMOS), meaning 'approved' or 'tested'. This noun itself comes from ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ (DECHOMAI), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept', implying something that has been found acceptable after scrutiny.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G0485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-tee-loh-GEE-as

Translations: of contradiction, of dispute, of opposition, of rebellion

Notes: This word refers to a contradiction, a dispute, or an act of opposition or rebellion. It describes a situation where there is a speaking against or a verbal conflict. It can also imply a state of disobedience or resistance to authority. It is a compound word formed from 'anti' (against) and 'logos' (word, speech).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΡΙΣ, ΜΑΧΗ, ΑΝΤΙΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite to', and the noun λόγος (logos), meaning 'word', 'speech', or 'reason'. Thus, it literally means 'a speaking against' or 'a word against'.

G1283

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ap-SAL-ma

Translations: interlude, musical interlude, pause, a musical interlude, a pause

Notes: This word refers to a musical interlude or a pause, often found in the Septuagint (the Greek Old Testament) in the Psalms. It indicates a break in the text, likely for musical accompaniment or a change in musical performance. It functions as a noun in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart,' and ΨΑΛΜΑ (psalma), meaning 'psalm' or 'song.' It literally suggests something that occurs 'through' or 'between' a psalm or musical piece.

G2980

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-LEE-soh

Translations: I will speak, I will say, I will talk

Notes: This is the first person singular future active indicative form of the verb 'λαλέω' (laleō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It indicates an action that the speaker will perform in the future, such as 'I will speak' or 'I will say'. It is commonly used to express future communication or declaration.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΩ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: From an onomatopoeic root, imitating the sound of babbling or chattering. It originally referred to incoherent speech or babbling, but in Koine Greek, it evolved to mean speaking in general, often with a focus on the act of speaking rather than the content.

G4771

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G1263

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-mar-TOO-roh-my

Translations: testify, solemnly affirm, earnestly warn, charge, protest

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from διά (dia, 'through, thoroughly') and μαρτύρομαι (martyromai, 'to bear witness'). It means to bear witness thoroughly, to solemnly affirm, or to earnestly warn or charge someone. It is often used in a legal or formal context, emphasizing the seriousness and thoroughness of the testimony or warning. It can be used to call heaven and earth to witness, or to give a solemn injunction.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek διά (dia, 'through, thoroughly') and μαρτύρομαι (martyromai, 'to bear witness, to testify'). The prefix διά intensifies the meaning of bearing witness, implying a thorough or earnest testimony.

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ

Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.

G0191

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-KOO-sees

Translations: you hear, you may hear, you might hear, you listen, you may listen, you might listen, you understand, you may understand, you might understand

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'akouo', meaning 'to hear', 'to listen', or 'to understand'. It is commonly used to describe the act of perceiving sound or comprehending information. It can also imply obedience or attention to what is heard. In some contexts, it can mean 'to obey' or 'to give heed to'.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive, Active

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tai

Translations: will be, shall be, it will be, it shall be

Notes: This word is the third person singular future indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It signifies an action or state that will occur in the future. It is commonly used to express future existence, occurrence, or a future state of being, often translated as 'will be' or 'shall be'. For example, 'it will be done' or 'he will be there'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive (deponent in future)

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (to be). It is a very ancient and fundamental verb in the Greek language, tracing its roots back to the earliest stages of Indo-European.

G4377

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PROS-fah-tos

Translations: new, recent, fresh, a new, a recent, a fresh

Notes: This word describes something that is new, recent, or fresh, often in contrast to something old or ancient. It refers to something that has just happened or been made, indicating a state of being newly created or acquired. It can be used to describe objects, events, or even people.

Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΣ, ΝΕΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ is a compound word derived from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning "to" or "towards," and the verb φάω (phaō), meaning "to shine" or "to appear." The combination suggests something that has just come into light or appeared, hence "new" or "recent."

G3761

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OO-deh

Translations: and not, neither, nor, not even, not

Notes: This word is a compound conjunction or adverb meaning 'and not', 'neither', 'nor', or 'not even'. It is used to connect two negative clauses or to emphasize a negation. It often appears in lists to negate multiple items, similar to how 'neither...nor' is used in English. It can also simply mean 'not' when emphasizing a point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΕ, ΜΗΔΕ

Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and the conjunction ΔΕ (de, 'but, and').

G4352

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-koo-NEE-sace

Translations: you shall worship, you will worship, you shall bow down, you will bow down, you shall prostrate yourself, you will prostrate yourself

Notes: This word means to prostrate oneself, to bow down, or to do obeisance, typically as an act of homage or worship. It implies a deep reverence or submission. It is used to describe the act of showing respect or adoration, often by falling to one's knees or face.

Inflection: Future Indicative, Second Person, Singular or Plural, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

G0244

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: al-loh-TREE-oh

Translations: to alienate, to estrange, to make foreign, to be alienated, to be estranged

Notes: This verb means to alienate or estrange someone or something, making them foreign or separate from a previous relationship or state. It can describe the act of causing a separation or the state of being separated or cut off. It is often used in a spiritual or relational context, indicating a loss of connection or belonging.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative; or Dative Singular, Masculine/Neuter, Adjective (from ΑΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΣ)

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΩ, ΑΠΟΞΕΝΟΩ

Etymology: Derived from the adjective ΑΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΣ (allotrios), meaning 'belonging to another' or 'foreign', which itself comes from ΑΛΛΟΣ (allos), meaning 'other'. The verb form signifies the act of making something 'other' or 'foreign'.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-mee

Translations: to be, I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, they are, to exist, to happen, to occur, to come to pass

Notes: This is the Greek verb 'to be', one of the most fundamental verbs in the language. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. It can function as a linking verb, connecting the subject to a predicate noun or adjective, or it can indicate simple existence or occurrence. Its meaning often depends on the context and the case of the noun or pronoun it accompanies.

Inflection: Infinitive or First Person Singular Present Active Indicative. It is a highly irregular verb with many forms for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'eimi' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is a very ancient and fundamental verb found across many Indo-European languages.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-os

Translations: Lord, a Lord, Master, a Master, Sir, a Sir

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred name abbreviation, for ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It refers to a supreme authority, master, or owner. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their divine authority and sovereignty. It can also be used as a respectful address, similar to 'Sir'.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keu- meaning 'to swell, to be strong, to be powerful'. It refers to one who has power or authority.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G0321

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-GAH-gohn

Translations: having led up, having brought up, having put to sea, having set sail, having offered up, having restored

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'ἀνάγω' (anago). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, often with the sense of 'leading up' or 'bringing up' to a higher place, or 'putting to sea' from a harbor. It can also refer to offering sacrifices or restoring someone to a previous state.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΝΕΓΚΩΝ, ΑΝΗΓΑΓΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'ἀνάγω' (anago) is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἀνά' (ana), meaning 'up' or 'upwards,' and the verb 'ἄγω' (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring.'

G4750

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STOH-mah

Translations: mouth, an mouth, opening, edge, speech, utterance

Notes: This word refers to the mouth of a person or animal. It can also metaphorically refer to an opening or entrance, such as the mouth of a river or a cave. Furthermore, it is often used to denote speech, utterance, or the edge of a sword or other sharp object, implying the 'cutting' or 'speaking' part. It is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΤΟΜΑΤΟΣ, ΣΤΟΜΑΤΙ, ΣΤΟΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'mouth' or 'opening'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OW-toh

Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it

Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G4337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ES-khen

Translations: paid attention, gave heed, attended, applied, devoted, gave oneself, was attentive, considered

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to pay attention to,' 'to give heed to,' or 'to apply oneself to.' It implies a deliberate act of focusing one's mind or efforts towards something or someone. It can be used to describe someone listening intently, or a person or even God giving careful consideration to a matter or a plea.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word προσέχω (prosechō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards,' and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold.' Thus, it literally means 'to hold towards' or 'to direct towards,' which evolved into the meaning 'to pay attention to.'

G1821

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-ah-pes-TES-tei-lah

Translations: I sent out, I sent forth, I dispatched

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to send out' or 'to send forth'. It implies a sending with a specific purpose or mission, often from one place to another. It is used to describe the act of dispatching someone or something.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΠΕΜΠΩ

Etymology: The word ἐξαποστέλλω (exapostellō) is a compound verb formed from three parts: ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from'; ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from'; and στέλλω (stellō), meaning 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. The combination emphasizes a sending forth from a specific origin.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOOS

Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2039

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-TEE-dehv-mah-tah

Translations: practices, deeds, customs, pursuits, habits, a practice, a deed, a custom, a pursuit, a habit

Notes: This word refers to practices, customs, or pursuits, often implying a habitual way of acting or a chosen course of life. It can describe a person's characteristic actions or the established customs of a group. It is a compound word derived from 'ἐπιτηδεύω' (epitēdeuo), meaning 'to pursue' or 'to practice'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑ, ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ, ΝΟΜΙΜΑ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-YOO-son-tai

Translations: they will go, they will depart, they will travel, they will proceed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to go', 'to depart', 'to travel', or 'to proceed'. It is often used to describe movement from one place to another, whether literally walking, journeying, or metaphorically progressing in a certain direction or manner. It is the future indicative, third person plural form of the verb 'poreuō'.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-por-YOO-thay

Translations: he went, he departed, he traveled, he proceeded

Notes: This word is a verb indicating motion, specifically 'to go' or 'to proceed'. It is used to describe someone moving from one place to another. Although it has a passive form, it functions with an active meaning, as it is a deponent verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ is derived from the noun ΠΟΡΟΣ (poros), meaning 'a way' or 'a passage'. It signifies the act of making one's way or passing through.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-DEH-nee

Translations: to no one, to nothing, for no one, for nothing, by no one, by nothing, with no one, with nothing, in no one, in nothing

Notes: This word is an indefinite negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone. It is often used in prohibitions or to state that something is not done by anyone or to anything. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, and as an adjective, it modifies a noun. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (mē, 'not') and ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one').

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝΙ

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AN

Translations: if, perhaps, whatever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, as soon as, until, before

Notes: This word is a conditional particle used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is often used with the subjunctive mood to form conditional clauses, indicating that an action or state is dependent on a certain condition. It can also be combined with other words to form indefinite relative pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever', 'whatever', or 'whenever'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΟΤΑΝ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The particle 'an' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en- meaning 'on, at'. It is an ancient Greek particle that has been used since classical times.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G5013

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-tah-PIH-noh-sah

Translations: I humbled, I abased, I brought low, I made humble

Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ταπινόω' (tapinoō). It describes an action completed in the past, meaning 'I humbled' or 'I abased'. It can refer to humbling oneself, or humbling someone else, often implying a reduction in status, pride, or power. It can also mean to bring low or to make humble.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΤΑΠΕΙΝΟΦΡΟΝΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ΤΑΠΙΝΟΩ (tapinoō) derives from the adjective ΤΑΠΕΙΝΟΣ (tapeinos), meaning 'lowly', 'humble', or 'abased'. The suffix -όω indicates a verb of making or causing something to be in a certain state, thus 'to make low' or 'to humble'.

G1911

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-eh-BAH-lon

Translations: they laid, they cast, they put, they threw

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ΕΠΙ' (EPI, meaning 'upon' or 'on') and the verb 'ΒΑΛΛΩ' (BALLO, meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'). In the context of the provided examples, it means 'to lay hands on' or 'to seize', indicating an action of placing something (often hands) upon someone or something, often with force or authority. It can also mean to cast or throw upon, or to impose.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟϹΕΛΘΟΝΤΕϹ, ΕΚΡΑΤΗϹΑΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2540

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kai-ROS

Translations: time, a time, season, a season, appointed time, an appointed time, opportune time, an opportune time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, often implying a critical moment or a season of activity, as opposed to chronological time (chronos). It is used to denote the right or proper time for something to happen or be done.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΥΚΑΙΡΙΑ

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΚΑΙΡΟΣ' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb 'κείρω' (keirō), meaning 'to cut', possibly referring to a 'cut' or 'decisive' moment in time.

G5595

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-so-MI-sen

Translations: he fed, he gave food, he gave a morsel

Notes: This word describes the act of giving food, specifically in the sense of providing a morsel or portion of food. It implies the action of feeding someone, often by breaking off and offering a piece of bread or other sustenance. It is used to describe a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΡΕΦΩ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The verb ψωμίζω (psōmizō) comes from the noun ψωμός (psōmos), meaning 'a morsel' or 'a piece of food'. It describes the act of giving or providing such a morsel.

G4720