Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Psalms / Chapter 96Psalms, Chapter 96
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G1138
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: dah-oo-EED
Translations: David
Notes: This is the Greek form of the Hebrew name David, who was the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah. He is a central figure in the Old Testament and is often referred to as 'the son of Jesse'. The name is used to refer to the historical figure.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The name Δαυείδ (Daueid) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name דָּוִד (Dawid), meaning 'beloved' or 'uncle'.
G3753
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-teh
Translations: when, whenever, at which time
Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAY
Translations: earth, land, ground, country, a land, the earth
Notes: This word refers to the physical ground, the planet Earth, or a specific territory or country. It is often used to distinguish land from the sea or sky, or to denote a particular region or nation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΑΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to the earth as a flat, solid surface, distinct from the heavens or the sea.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: of him, of it, his, its, of himself, of itself, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or an intensive/reflexive pronoun. In the genitive case, as seen here, it typically means 'of him' or 'of it' when referring to a third person, or 'his' or 'its' to indicate possession. It can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', especially when preceding the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G2525
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-this-TAH-tai
Translations: is appointed, is established, is set, is made, is put, is ordained
Notes: This word describes the action of being appointed, established, or set in a particular position or state. It is often used in contexts where someone is being put in charge, or something is being set up or constituted. It can also mean to be made or become something. As a middle/passive voice, it indicates that the subject is receiving the action or acting upon itself.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-os
Translations: Lord, a Lord, Master, a Master, Sir, a Sir
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred name abbreviation, for ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It refers to a supreme authority, master, or owner. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their divine authority and sovereignty. It can also be used as a respectful address, similar to 'Sir'.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keu- meaning 'to swell, to be strong, to be powerful'. It refers to one who has power or authority.
G0936
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-bah-see-LEH-oo-sen
Translations: he reigned, he ruled, he became king, he began to reign
Notes: This word describes the action of reigning or ruling as a king. It is used to indicate that someone took on the role of a monarch, exercised royal authority, or began their reign. It is a past tense form, indicating an action that was completed in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ
G0021
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-gal-lee-AH-seh-tai
Translations: will rejoice, will exult, will be overjoyed
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to rejoice greatly' or 'to exult'. It describes a strong feeling of joy and triumph, often expressed outwardly. It is used to convey a sense of exuberant happiness or celebration.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ
G0021
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-gal-lee-AS-thoh
Translations: let him rejoice, let him exult, let him be overjoyed
Notes: This word means to rejoice greatly, to exult, or to be overjoyed. It conveys a sense of intense, often demonstrative, joy. It is typically used in contexts where there is a cause for great celebration or triumph, often with a religious or spiritual connotation. It is a compound word, formed from the prefix 'αγα' (aga), intensifying the meaning, and 'αλλιαω' (alliaō), related to leaping or springing.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Imperative
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: The root word ἀγαλλιάω (agalliaō) is derived from ἀγαλλίασις (agalliasis), meaning 'exultation' or 'great joy'. It is related to ἄγαλμα (agalma), meaning 'a delight' or 'an ornament', and possibly connected to ἄγαν (agan), meaning 'very much', suggesting an intensified form of joy.
G2165
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-fran-THEE-toh-san
Translations: let them be glad, let them rejoice, let them be merry
Notes: This word is a verb in the imperative mood, commanding a group of people to be glad or to rejoice. It is often used in exhortations or proclamations, encouraging a collective expression of joy or merriment.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Passive, Imperative
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΧΑΙΡΩ
G3520
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NEE-soy
Translations: islands, coastlands
Notes: This word refers to islands or, more broadly, to coastlands or regions beyond the sea. It is typically used to denote land masses surrounded by water, or sometimes, metaphorically, distant lands.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative
G3520
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NAY-ssoy
Translations: islands, an island
Notes: This word refers to an island or a group of islands. It is used to describe land masses surrounded by water. In ancient Greek, it could refer to any island, large or small, inhabited or uninhabited.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΗΣΟΙ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: POL-lahee
Translations: many, much, numerous, great
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of things, people, or concepts. It can be used attributively (e.g., 'many people') or substantively (e.g., 'the many').
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
G3507
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NEH-feh-lee
Translations: cloud, a cloud
Notes: This word refers to a cloud, a visible mass of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. It is often used literally to describe weather phenomena, but can also be used metaphorically to represent a large group, a covering, or something transient and fleeting.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΜΙΧΛΗ, ΓΝΟΦΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nebh- 'cloud, mist'. It is related to Latin nebula and German Nebel.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G1105
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GNO-fos
Translations: darkness, thick darkness, gloom, a darkness
Notes: This word refers to a dense, thick, or deep darkness, often implying a sense of gloom or obscurity. It is used to describe a profound absence of light, more intense than mere shadow or twilight. It can be used metaphorically to describe a state of obscurity or distress.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΚΟΤΟΣ, ΖΟΦΟΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek or Pelasgian origin, possibly related to words denoting darkness or gloom.
G2944
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: KOO-kloh
Translations: around, round about, in a circle
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'around' or 'round about'. It is used to describe something that encompasses or surrounds another object or location, or movement in a circular path. It can indicate position or direction.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΞ, ΠΕΡΙ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΚΛΩ is derived from the noun ΚΥΚΛΟΣ (kyklos), meaning 'circle' or 'ring'. It describes something related to a circular shape or movement.
G1343
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nay
Translations: righteousness, justice, a righteousness, a justice
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right or just. It encompasses concepts of uprightness, integrity, and conformity to divine or moral law. It is often used in a theological context to describe God's character or the state of being right with God.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ, ΑΡΕΤΗ, ΟΣΙΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns.
G2917
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KREE-mah
Translations: judgment, a judgment, condemnation, a condemnation, decision, a decision, sentence, a sentence, punishment, a punishment, justice, a justice
Notes: This word refers to a judgment, decision, or sentence, often with the implication of a legal or divine verdict. It can also refer to the act of judging or the outcome of a judgment, including condemnation or punishment. It is used in contexts ranging from legal proceedings to divine decrees.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΡΙΣΙΣ, ΔΙΚΗ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΜΑ
Etymology: From the verb κρίνω (krino), meaning 'to judge, decide, separate'. It refers to the result or outcome of judging.
G2720
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-tor-THOH-sis
Translations: straightening, setting right, success, prosperity, uprightness, rectitude, a straightening, a setting right, a success, a prosperity, an uprightness, a rectitude
Notes: This word is a noun referring to the act of setting something straight, making it right, or achieving success and prosperity. It can also denote moral uprightness or rectitude. It is often used in contexts relating to the proper establishment or successful completion of something.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΟΔΙΑ, ΕΥΠΡΑΓΙΑ, ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΟΡΘΩΣΙΣ (katorthōsis) is derived from the verb ΚΑΤΟΡΘΟΩ (katorthoō), meaning 'to set straight, to make right, to succeed'. It is formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and ΟΡΘΟΩ (orthoō), meaning 'to make straight' or 'to set upright', which itself comes from ΟΡΘΟΣ (orthos), meaning 'straight' or 'right'.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2362
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: thraw-NOO
Translations: (of) a throne, (of) the throne, (of) a seat, (of) the seat
Notes: This word refers to a throne or a seat of authority. It is used to denote a royal seat, a place of power, or a high position. In the provided examples, it is used in contexts relating to kings and kingdoms, indicating a seat from which a ruler governs.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ, ΕΔΡΑ
G4442
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poor
Translations: fire, a fire
Notes: This word refers to the element of fire. It is commonly used in a literal sense to denote burning, heat, or light. Metaphorically, it can represent divine judgment, purification, testing, or the presence of God.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word with cognates in many Indo-European languages.
G1727
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: en-AN-tee-on
Translations: opposite, over against, contrary, in front of, before, against
Notes: This word describes something that is in opposition to, or directly facing, something else. As an adjective, it means 'opposite' or 'contrary'. As an adverb, it means 'over against' or 'in front of', indicating a position or direction. It can be used to describe physical opposition or a state of being contrary to something.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΡΥΣ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΑΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ
G4316
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-por-YOO-se-tai
Translations: will go before, will precede, will lead the way
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb 'πορεύομαι' (poreuomai), meaning 'to go' or 'to travel'. Therefore, it means 'to go before' or 'to precede'. It is used to describe someone or something moving ahead of another, leading the way, or acting as a forerunner. It is often used in a literal sense of physical movement but can also imply a figurative leading or pioneering role.
Inflection: Future Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΑΓΩ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΔΡΟΜΟΣ
G5394
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: flo-gee-EH-ee
Translations: will burn, will set on fire, will blaze
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to burn' or 'to set on fire'. It is used to describe an action that will happen in the future, indicating that something or someone will cause a fire or be consumed by flames. It is often used in contexts describing divine judgment or intense heat.
Inflection: Future Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΩ, ΠΥΡΟΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΛΟΓΙΖΩ (phlogizo) is derived from the noun φλόξ (phlox), meaning 'flame' or 'blaze'. It describes the action of producing a flame or being consumed by one.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G2190
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ekh-THROOS
Translations: enemies, the enemies
Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or adversarial. It is used to describe individuals or groups who are opposed to someone or something, often in a personal or military sense. It can also refer to an adversary in a legal or spiritual context.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΠΟΛΕΜΙΟΥΣ
G5316
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: e-PHA-nan
Translations: they appeared, they shone, they were shown, they became visible
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'phainō', which means 'to appear', 'to shine', or 'to show'. In this specific form, it indicates an action that happened in the past, completed, and performed by a plural subject. It describes something that became visible or was made manifest, often implying a sudden or striking appearance, like lightning or a light.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΩΤΙΖΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to shine' or 'to show'.
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral
Sounds like: AI
Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11
Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)
Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.
G0796
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: as-tra-PAI
Translations: lightnings, flashes of lightning, flashes
Notes: This word refers to flashes of lightning, often associated with storms or divine manifestations. It is typically used in the plural to describe multiple flashes or a general phenomenon of lightning. It can also refer to a sudden, brilliant flash of light.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΝΤΑΙ, ΚΕΡΑΥΝΟΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G3625
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: oy-koo-MEH-nay
Translations: inhabited, inhabited earth, world, the Roman world, the whole world
Notes: This word describes something that is inhabited or populated. It is often used to refer to the 'inhabited earth' or the 'world,' particularly in the context of the Roman Empire, signifying the known and populated world under Roman rule. It can also refer to a specific inhabited place or region.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present Passive Participle (used as a noun or adjective)
Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΣ, ΓΗ
Etymology: Derived from the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It literally means 'that which is inhabited' or 'the inhabited (land/world)'.
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-den
Translations: he saw, she saw, it saw, saw
Notes: This is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It describes a completed action of seeing or perceiving that occurred in the past. It can be used in sentences like 'He saw the light' or 'She perceived the truth'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ
G4531
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-sah-LEF-thay
Translations: was shaken, was moved, was stirred, was disturbed
Notes: This word describes something being shaken, moved, or disturbed, often with the implication of instability or agitation. It is used to describe physical movements, like an earthquake, or metaphorical disturbances, such as a person's mind being unsettled.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΙΝΕΩ, ΣΕΙΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G3735
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-REE
Translations: mountains, hills
Notes: This word refers to elevated landforms, such as mountains or hills. It is typically used in the plural to denote a range of mountains or a mountainous region.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΝΟΣ, ΟΡΟΣ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- ('to rise, to lift').
G5616
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: OH-say
Translations: as if, as, like, about, approximately, some, nearly
Notes: ΩΣΕΙ is an adverb or conjunction used to indicate comparison, approximation, or similarity. It can mean "as if," "like," "about," or "approximately." It is often used to describe a quantity or duration that is not exact, or to introduce a hypothetical situation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΠΕΡΙΠΟΥ
Etymology: From the Greek word ὡς (hōs), meaning "as" or "like," combined with the particle εἰ (ei), meaning "if."
G2782
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KAY-ross
Translations: wax, a wax
Notes: This word refers to wax, a substance produced by bees. It is often used metaphorically to describe something that melts or dissolves easily, especially in the presence of heat or fire, indicating a state of vulnerability or destruction.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΙΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΚΗΡΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages, suggesting an ancient root.
G5080
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-TAH-kay-sahn
Translations: they melted, they dissolved, they wasted away, they were consumed
Notes: This word describes the action of something melting, dissolving, or wasting away. It is used to indicate a past action completed at a specific point in time, often implying a process of decay, consumption, or disappearance. For example, it could describe ice melting, a substance dissolving, or people wasting away from illness or hardship.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΥΩ, ΦΘΕΙΡΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. In Greek, it developed to mean 'to melt' or 'to cause to melt'.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.
G4383
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-SO-poo
Translations: of face, of countenance, of presence, of person, of a face, of a countenance, of a presence, of a person
Notes: This word refers primarily to the 'face' or 'countenance' of a person or thing. It can also denote 'presence' or 'appearance'. In a broader sense, it can refer to the 'person' or 'individual' themselves. It is often used in phrases like 'from the face of' or 'before the face of' to mean 'from the presence of' or 'before the presence of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ' is derived from the Greek preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ὤψ' (ōps), meaning 'eye' or 'face'. It literally means 'that which is before the eyes' or 'that which is turned towards'.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koo-REE-oo
Translations: of Lord, of the Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΥ (Kyriou), which is the genitive form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It means 'of the Lord' or 'of Lord' and is commonly used to refer to God or Jesus in ancient Greek texts. It indicates possession or origin related to the Lord.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΥ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sees
Translations: of all, of every, of the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to describe a noun, indicating that the noun refers to the entirety of something or every instance of it. It agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used when referring to a singular feminine noun in the genitive case, often indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYS
Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region
Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').
G0312
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-ENG-gei-lan
Translations: they announced, they reported, they declared, they proclaimed, they told
Notes: This verb means to announce, report, declare, or proclaim. It is used to convey information or news, often with an emphasis on making something known publicly or officially. The form given indicates that a group of people performed this action in the past.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3772
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oo-rah-NOY
Translations: heavens, skies, heaven
Notes: This word refers to the heavens or the sky, encompassing both the physical firmament above the earth and, more significantly in a theological context, the dwelling place of God and the spiritual realm. It is the plural form of the word 'ΟΥΡΑΝΟΣ' (ouranos), meaning 'heaven' or 'sky'. In the New Testament, it often denotes the abode of God, angels, and the blessed, or the realm from which divine power and blessings originate.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΙΘΗΡ, ΚΟΣΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΟΥΡΑΝΟΣ' (ouranos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to cover' or 'to enclose'. It refers to the vault of the sky.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G1343
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dih-kah-yoh-SOO-neen
Translations: righteousness, justice, a righteousness
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being righteous or just. It describes a state of moral uprightness, integrity, and conformity to divine or moral law. It is often used in the context of God's character or the standard of conduct expected of believers.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ, ΑΡΕΤΗ, ΑΓΙΟΣΥΝΗ
Etymology: The word δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) is derived from the adjective δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'righteous' or 'just'. It is formed by adding the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which denotes a state, condition, or quality.
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-doh-san
Translations: they saw, they had seen, they perceived
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'οραω' (horao), meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It describes an action of seeing that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time, and is often translated as 'they saw' or 'they had seen'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DON
Translations: they saw, I saw, to see, having seen
Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It can function as a third-person plural indicative ('they saw'), a first-person singular indicative ('I saw'), or, less commonly, as an infinitive or participle depending on the context, conveying the action of seeing or perceiving something in a completed past action. It is often used to introduce a new observation or event.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural; or Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Aorist, Active, Infinitive; or Aorist, Active, Participle (Neuter Singular Nominative/Accusative)
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'εἶδον' (eidon) serves as the aorist form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see'. It is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tes
Translations: all, every, whole
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of a group or quantity, often referring to 'all' members of a set or 'every' single item. It can also mean 'whole' when referring to a single entity.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: HOLOS
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lah-OY
Translations: peoples, a people, nations, a nation
Notes: This word refers to a people, nation, or a multitude of individuals. It is often used in the plural to denote various peoples or nations. In a religious context, it can refer to God's chosen people or to the Gentiles.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΗ, ΔΗΜΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
G1391
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOK-san
Translations: glory, a glory, splendor, honor, praise, dignity, reputation
Notes: This word refers to glory, splendor, or honor. It can describe the inherent majesty of God, the praise given to someone, or a person's reputation or dignity. It is often used in contexts of divine manifestation or human recognition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΗ, ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΕΥΚΛΕΙΑ
G0261
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ais-khoo-NTHEE-toh-san
Translations: let them be ashamed, may they be ashamed, let them be put to shame, may they be put to shame
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be ashamed' or 'to be put to shame'. It is often used in the imperative mood to express a command or a strong wish that someone should experience shame or disgrace. It can also imply being disgraced or humiliated. In the provided context, it functions as a strong imprecation or prayer for those who oppose or abandon God to be shamed.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Passive, Imperative
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΡΕΠΩ, ΚΑΤΑΙΣΧΥΝΩ
G3982
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peh-poy-THOH-tes
Translations: trusting, having trusted, confident, relying, persuaded, having been persuaded
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΩ', meaning 'to persuade' or 'to trust'. As a perfect active participle, it describes someone who has been persuaded or has come to trust, and therefore is in a state of confidence or reliance. It often takes a dative object, indicating what or whom one is trusting or relying upon.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΟΝΤΕΣ, ΘΑΡΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EP-ee
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a
Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'
Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G4352
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pros-koo-NOON-tes
Translations: worshipping, bowing down, doing obeisance, prostrating oneself
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'worshipping' or 'bowing down'. It describes an ongoing action of showing reverence or homage, often by prostrating oneself or bowing low. It can be used to describe people who are in the act of worship or showing deep respect.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΛΑΤΡΕΥΟΝΤΕΣ, ΣΕΒΟΜΕΝΟΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1197
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: GLOOP-toyss
Translations: carved, graven, sculptured, carved image, graven image, an idol, to carved images, to graven images, to idols
Notes: This word refers to something that has been carved, engraved, or sculpted. It is often used in the context of religious objects, specifically idols or images made by human hands for worship, contrasting them with the true God. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative plural, indicating 'to carved images' or 'to idols'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΙΔΩΛΟΝ, ΞΟΑΝΟΝ
G1741
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: en-kow-KHO-meh-noy
Translations: boasting, glorying, exulting, priding themselves
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'εν' (in) and the verb 'καυχάομαι' (to boast, glory). It means to boast in, glory in, or exult in something. It describes the act of taking pride or finding satisfaction in a particular thing or situation. It is often used in a negative sense, referring to boasting in things that are not worthy, but can also be used positively, such as boasting in the Lord.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΥΧΑΟΜΑΙ, ΑΛΑΖΟΝΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G1497
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eye-DOH-loys
Translations: (to) idols, (to) images, (to) phantoms
Notes: This word refers to an idol, an image, or a phantom. In a religious context, it denotes a false god or a representation of a deity that is worshipped. It can also refer to a mental image or a mere semblance of something, lacking substance or reality. As a dative plural, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' idols/images.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΜΑ, ΕΙΚΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΕΙΔΩΛΟΝ (eidōlon) is derived from the Greek word ΕΙΔΟΣ (eidos), meaning 'form' or 'shape', which itself comes from the verb ΕΙΔΩ (eidō), meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. Thus, an idol is something seen or a visible form.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, their own
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun in the genitive plural. It can be translated as 'of them' or 'their', indicating possession or origin. It is often used reflexively, meaning 'their own' or 'of themselves', referring back to the subject of the sentence.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΣΦΩΝ, ΕΑΥΤΩΝ
G4352
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-koo-NAY-sah-teh
Translations: worship, bow down, prostrate oneself, do obeisance
Notes: This word describes the act of showing reverence or adoration, often by bowing down or prostrating oneself before someone or something. It can be used in a religious context to mean worship, or in a secular context to show respect or submission to a superior. It is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'towards', and κυνέω (kyneo), meaning 'to kiss' or 'to fawn'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.
G0032
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ANG-geh-loy
Translations: angels, messengers
Notes: This word refers to a messenger, envoy, or one who brings tidings. In a religious context, it most commonly refers to a celestial being, an angel, who serves as a divine messenger or agent. It is a plural form of the word.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΚΕΣ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΙ
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-KOO-sen
Translations: he heard, she heard, it heard, he listened, she listened, it listened, he understood, she understood, it understood
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hear', 'to listen', or 'to understand'. It is used to describe the action of perceiving sound or comprehending information. As an aorist tense verb, it describes a completed action in the past, without specifying its duration. It is in the third person singular, meaning the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it'.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
G2165
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-FRAHN-thay
Translations: was made glad, was gladdened, rejoiced, was delighted, was merry
Notes: This word is a verb indicating a state of being made glad or rejoicing. It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject experienced joy or delight, often as a result of an external cause. It is the aorist passive form of the verb 'euphraino', meaning 'to gladden' or 'to make merry'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ
G4622
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: see-OHN
Translations: Zion
Notes: Zion refers to a specific hill in Jerusalem, often used to denote the city of Jerusalem itself, especially its spiritual and theological significance as the dwelling place of God and the center of His people. It can also refer to the heavenly Jerusalem or the spiritual community of believers.
Inflection: Does not inflect (indeclinable)
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΥΣΑΛΗΜ
Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin (צִיּוֹן, Tsiyyon), meaning 'fortification' or 'citadel'. It was originally the name of a Jebusite fortress in Jerusalem, which King David conquered and made his capital.
G0021
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-gal-lee-AH-san-toh
Translations: they rejoiced, they exulted, they were overjoyed
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to exult, rejoice greatly, or be overjoyed'. It describes an intense feeling of joy or triumph. It is used to express a profound and often public display of happiness or celebration.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: CHAIRO, AGALLIAOMAI
Etymology: From AGAN (very much) and HALLOMAI (to leap). It literally means 'to leap for joy' or 'to jump with great delight'.
G2364
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: thoo-GAH-teh-res
Translations: daughters
Notes: This word refers to female offspring. It is used to denote a group of daughters, often in a familial context, but can also be used more broadly to refer to women or female descendants.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine
G2449
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-ahs
Translations: of Judea
Notes: This word refers to Judea, a historical region in the southern Levant. It is used to indicate possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to Judea' or 'from Judea'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G1752
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EN-eh-ken
Translations: because of, on account of, for the sake of, (of) for, (of) by reason of
Notes: ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an improper preposition that typically takes the genitive case, meaning 'because of' or 'on account of'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'for this reason' or 'therefore'. It is used to express the cause or reason behind an action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect; takes the genitive case when used as a preposition.
Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ
Etymology: The word ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an ancient Greek word, likely formed from the preposition 'en' (in) and a form related to 'heka' (on account of). It has been in use since classical Greek and continued into Koine Greek.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G2917
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kree-MAH-tohn
Translations: of judgment, of judgments, of a judgment, of a decision, of a decree, of a sentence, of a verdict, of a condemnation, of a divine ordinance, of a divine law
Notes: This word refers to a judgment, decision, or decree, often with a legal or divine connotation. It can also refer to a sentence, verdict, or condemnation. In a broader sense, it can mean a divine ordinance or law. It is used to describe the outcome of a judicial process or a divine pronouncement.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑΤΩΝ, ΝΟΜΩΝ, ΕΝΤΟΛΩΝ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-eh
Translations: Lord, O Lord, Master, Sir
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΕ (Kyrie), which is the vocative form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It is used as a direct address to God or Jesus, meaning 'Lord' or 'Master'. It can also be used as a respectful address to a human, similar to 'Sir'.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
Etymology: From κύρω (kyro), meaning 'to have power' or 'to be master of'.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun meaning 'you' (singular). It is used when addressing a single person directly, typically as the subject of a sentence. It can also be used emphatically to highlight the person being addressed.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Second Person
Etymology: The word 'ΣΥ' is an ancient Greek pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been consistently used throughout various stages of the Greek language to refer to the second person singular.
G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: AY
Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be
Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)
Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ
Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.
G5310
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: HYP-sis-tos
Translations: highest, most high, Most High, a Most High
Notes: This word means 'highest' or 'most high'. It is often used as a title for God, referring to Him as 'the Most High'. When used as an adjective, it describes something as being at the greatest height or having the highest rank. When used as a noun, it refers to the one who is supreme, typically God.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΩΤΑΤΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΤΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: Derived from the Greek word ὕψος (hypsos), meaning 'height' or 'summit'. ΥΨΙΣΤΟΣ is the superlative form, indicating the highest degree of height.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PA-san
Translations: all, every, whole, an entire
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of something. For example, it can be used to say 'all people' or 'every house'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYN
Translations: earth, land, ground, a land, the earth
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΓΗΝ (gēn), which is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ (gē). It refers to the earth, land, or ground. It is often used to denote a specific country or territory, or the planet Earth itself. As an accusative form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition that takes the accusative case, such as 'into the land' or 'to the earth'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to a Proto-Indo-European word for 'earth'.
G4970
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: SFO-drah
Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, strongly, vehemently
Notes: This word is an adverb used to intensify the meaning of a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It indicates a high degree or intensity of the action or quality described, often translated as 'very much' or 'to a great extent'. It is used to emphasize the force or extent of something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΛΙΑΝ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ
Etymology: From an unused root meaning 'to be vehement'.
G5251
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-per-oop-so-THEES
Translations: you were highly exalted, you were greatly exalted, you were lifted up exceedingly
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning "to exalt highly" or "to lift up exceedingly." It describes an action where someone or something is elevated to a very high position, often implying honor, power, or status. The form "ΥΠΕΡΥΨΩΘΗΣ" specifically indicates that the action was done to the subject (passive voice) and occurred in the past (aorist tense), referring to a singular "you."
Inflection: Second Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΥΨΟΩ, ΕΠΑΙΡΩ, ΑΝΥΨΟΩ
Etymology: The word ΥΠΕΡΥΨΟΩ is a compound formed from the preposition ΥΠΕΡ (hyper), meaning "over, above, beyond," and the verb ΥΨΟΩ (hypsoo), meaning "to lift up, to exalt." The combination emphasizes an extreme or superlative degree of exaltation.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tas
Translations: all, every, everyone, the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality of something or someone. In this form, it is used for masculine nouns in the accusative plural, meaning 'all (of them)' or 'everyone'. It can also be used substantively to refer to 'all people' or 'everyone'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-OOS
Translations: gods
Notes: This word refers to gods or deities. It is the plural form of 'god' and is used when referring to multiple divine beings. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, indicating the recipients of an action.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΑΙΜΟΝΕΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰes-, meaning 'sacred, holy'. It is related to words for divine beings or sacred concepts in other Indo-European languages.
G0025
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ah-gah-PON-tes
Translations: loving, those who love, loving ones
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'agapao', meaning 'to love'. It describes an ongoing action of loving. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the loving people'), or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'those who are loving'). It conveys a deep, unconditional, and often sacrificial love, distinct from other forms of love like 'philia' (friendship) or 'eros' (romantic/passionate love).
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΡΩΝΤΕΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-ON
Translations: Lord, a Lord
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΝ (KYRION), meaning 'Lord'. It is the accusative singular form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or sometimes to a human master or owner. In the provided context, it is used with the accusative article 'ΤΟΝ', indicating it is the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
Etymology: From ΚΥΡΟΣ (KYROS), meaning 'power' or 'authority'. It refers to one who has power or authority, hence 'lord' or 'master'.
G3404
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mee-SEE-teh
Translations: you hate, you may hate, you should hate
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to hate'. It indicates an action of strong dislike or animosity. It is used to express a command, exhortation, or a statement about an action of hating performed by 'you' (plural).
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative or Indicative, Second Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: po-nee-ROH
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, mischievous, worthless, diseased, an evil thing, the evil one
Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or bad. It can refer to moral depravity, but also to something that is harmful, worthless, or diseased. When used as a noun, it can mean 'an evil thing' or 'the evil one' (referring to Satan). It is used to qualify nouns, indicating their negative quality.
Inflection: Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: From πόνος (ponos, "toil, labor, pain"), indicating something that causes pain or trouble. It evolved to mean morally bad or wicked.
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-NEE-rah
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, malicious, an evil thing
Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or harmful. It can refer to moral depravity, physical badness, or something that causes trouble or pain. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. In the provided examples, it describes 'counsel' (βουλευομενος) as evil and 'things' (implied) that one should not see as evil.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative; or Neuter, Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ' comes from 'πόνος' (ponos), meaning 'toil, labor, pain'. It originally referred to something that caused toil or pain, and later evolved to mean 'evil' or 'wicked' in a moral sense.
G5442
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: foo-LAS-sei
Translations: he guards, he keeps, he protects, he observes, he watches
Notes: This verb means to guard, keep, protect, or observe. It is used to describe the act of watching over something or someone, preserving something, or adhering to a law or custom. For example, it can refer to guarding a city, keeping a promise, protecting a person, or observing a commandment.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G5590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: psy-KHAS
Translations: souls, lives, minds
Notes: This word refers to the souls, lives, or inner selves of individuals. It is the accusative plural form of the noun 'ψυχή' (psychē), indicating the direct object of an action. It can refer to the vital breath, the seat of emotions and intellect, or the entire person.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
G3741
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: OH-see-ohn
Translations: of holy, of pious, of devout, of righteous, of pure
Notes: This word describes something or someone as holy, pious, devout, or righteous. It refers to a state of being consecrated to God, or acting in accordance with divine law and moral purity. It is often used to describe individuals who are faithful and upright in their conduct, or things that are sacred and set apart for religious purposes. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to the holy ones' or 'of the holy things'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΩΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΝ, ΕΥΣΕΒΩΝ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEI-ross
Translations: of hand, of a hand, of the hand, of power, of authority, of control
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. In Koine Greek, 'hand' can refer not only to the physical limb but also metaphorically to power, authority, control, or agency. When used in the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the agent by which something is done, thus translating to 'of hand' or 'by the hand of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'χείρ' (cheir) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰesr-, meaning 'hand'. It is related to words for hand in other Indo-European languages.
G0268
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-mar-TOH-lohn
Translations: of sinners, of the sinful
Notes: This word refers to those who commit sin or are characterized by sin. It is used to describe individuals or groups who deviate from divine or moral law. In a sentence, it would typically function as a possessive or descriptive element, indicating something belonging to or related to sinners.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΩΝ, ΑΣΕΒΩΝ
G4506
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: roo-SEH-tai
Translations: he will rescue, she will rescue, it will rescue, he will deliver, she will deliver, it will deliver, he will save, she will save, it will save
Notes: This word means 'he/she/it will rescue' or 'he/she/it will deliver'. It is used to describe an action of saving or protecting someone or something from danger, harm, or an undesirable situation, which will happen in the future. It is often used in contexts of divine intervention or protection.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΩΣΕΙ, ΕΞΑΙΡΗΣΕΙ
Etymology: The verb ῥύομαι (rhyomai) comes from an older form of the verb ῥύω (rhyō), meaning 'to draw, drag, pull'. It developed the sense of 'to draw to oneself for protection' and then 'to rescue' or 'to deliver'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ
G5457
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FOHSS
Translations: light, a light, fire
Notes: This word refers to light, whether literal illumination, or metaphorically, as in truth, knowledge, or spiritual enlightenment. It can also refer to a source of light, like a lamp or a star, or even fire. It is often used in contrast to darkness.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΦΕΓΓΟΣ, ΛΥΧΝΟΣ, ΠΥΡ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to shine' or 'to be bright'.
G0393
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-neh-TEH-len
Translations: rose, arose, sprang up, appeared, shined, dawned, caused to rise
Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ἀνατέλλω' (anatellō), meaning 'to rise' or 'to cause to rise'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, often referring to the rising of the sun, stars, or plants, or the appearance of light or a person. It can also imply something springing forth or appearing.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΑΙΝΩ
G1344
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-KAH-ee-oh
Translations: I justify, I declare righteous, I make righteous, I acquit
Notes: This verb means to justify, to declare someone righteous, or to make them righteous. It can also mean to acquit someone of a charge. It is used to describe the act of God declaring or making people righteous in His sight, or to describe a legal process of vindication.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΩ, ΑΘΩΟΩ, ΑΠΟΦΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'righteous' or 'just'. The verb form means to render or declare someone righteous.
G2117
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: yoo-THEH-see
Translations: straight, right, upright, true, just, direct, level, of straight things, of right things
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the adjective 'ΕΥΘΥΣ' (euthys), meaning 'straight,' 'right,' or 'upright.' It describes things that are physically straight or morally correct. In the dative plural, it would typically be used to indicate 'to/for straight things,' 'to/for right things,' or 'to/for upright people/things,' depending on the context. It can refer to paths, judgments, or character.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΡΘΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-ah
Translations: heart, a heart, mind, inner self, center
Notes: This word refers to the physical organ, the heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the inner person, the seat of thoughts, emotions, will, and moral character. It can represent the mind, soul, or the core of one's being. It is often used metaphorically to describe the center of something, like the 'heart of the sea'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'heart'.
G2167
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-fro-SY-nay
Translations: joy, gladness, mirth, cheerfulness, a joy, a gladness
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗΝ (euphrosynēn), which is the accusative singular form of the noun ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ. It refers to a state of joy, gladness, or cheerfulness. It describes an inner feeling of delight or happiness, often expressed outwardly. It can be used in contexts describing general merriment or specific instances of rejoicing.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΑΡΑ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: From ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ (euphrainō, 'to gladden, make merry'), which is derived from ΕΥ (eu, 'well') and ΦΡΗΝ (phrēn, 'mind, heart'). It literally means 'well-minded' or 'well-hearted'.
G2167
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-fro-SOO-nay
Translations: joy, gladness, mirth, cheerfulness, a joy, a gladness
Notes: This word refers to a state of joy, gladness, or cheerfulness. It describes an inner feeling of delight and well-being, often associated with celebration or good news. It is used to express a general sense of happiness.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΑΡΑ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word 'euphron' (εὔφρων), meaning 'well-minded' or 'cheerful', which combines 'eu' (εὖ, 'good, well') and 'phren' (φρήν, 'mind, heart'). It denotes a state of having a good or cheerful mind.
G2165
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-fran-THEE-teh
Translations: rejoice, be glad, make merry, celebrate
Notes: This word is a command to rejoice or be glad. It is often used in a collective sense, urging a group of people to celebrate or find joy. It implies a state of inner happiness or outward expression of joy, often in response to good news or a positive event.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΧΑΙΡΩ
G1342
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: dee-KAI-oy
Translations: righteous, just, upright, innocent
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is righteous, just, or in conformity with divine or human law. It can refer to a person who is morally upright, innocent, or acting in accordance with what is right. It is often used to describe God's character or the character of those who follow His will.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-oh
Translations: (to) the Lord, (to) a Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΩ (Kyrio), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used in the dative case, indicating the recipient or indirect object of an action. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'to the Lord' or 'for the Lord'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
G1843
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-oh-mo-loh-GEH-ee-stheh
Translations: confess, acknowledge, give thanks, praise
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'εκ' (out of) and 'ομολογεω' (to agree, confess). It means to confess or acknowledge something openly, often with the implication of agreement or praise. It can be used in contexts of confessing sins, acknowledging truth, or giving thanks and praise to God.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, Second Person Plural
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΑΙΝΕΩ, ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΕΩ
G3420
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MNEE-may
Translations: memory, remembrance, a memory, a remembrance
Notes: This word refers to the faculty by which things are recalled to the mind, or the act of remembering. It can also refer to the state of being remembered or the record of something. It is typically used in sentences to denote the concept of recollection or a memorial.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΜΝΗΣΙΣ, ΜΝΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΜΝΗΜΗ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *men-, meaning 'to think, remember'. It is related to other Greek words concerning the mind and memory.
G0042
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-gee-oh-SOO-nays
Translations: of holiness, of sanctity, of sacredness
Notes: This word refers to the quality or state of being holy, sacred, or consecrated. It denotes moral purity, spiritual excellence, and separation for divine service. It is often used to describe the inherent nature of God or the character expected of believers.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΤΗΣ, ΚΑΘΑΡΟΤΗΣ, ΕΥΣΕΒΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek word ἅγιος (hagios), meaning 'holy' or 'set apart', combined with the suffix -ωσύνη (-ōsynē), which forms abstract nouns indicating a state or quality.
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