Psalms Chapter 12, Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)

Psalms, Chapter 12

Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)

12:1
12:2
12:3
12:4
12:5
12:6

12:1

(MT: 13:1)

Note: The text traditionally found at 12:1 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 11:1 in the LXX.
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- to
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΤΕΛΟϹ
- TELOS
- end
ΨΑΛΜΟϹ
- PSALMOS
- psalm
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΔΑΥΕΙΔʼ
- DAUEIDʼ
- David

12:2

(MT: 13:2)

Note: The text traditionally found at 12:2 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 11:2 in the LXX.
ΕΩϹ
- EŌS
- until
ΠΟΤΕ
- POTE
- when
ΚΕ
- KE
- Lord
ΕΠΙΛΗϹΗ
- EPILĒSĒ
- will-you-forget
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- me
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- to
ΤΕΛΟϹ
- TELOS
- end
ΕΩϹ
- EŌS
- until
ΠΟΤΕ
- POTE
- when
ΑΠΟϹΤΡΕΨΕΙϹ
- APOSTREPSEIS
- will-you-turn-away
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΠΡΟϹΩΠΟΝ
- PROSŌPON
- face
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
ΑΠ
- AP
- from
ΕΜΟΥ
- EMOU
- me

12:3

(MT: 13:3)

Note: The text traditionally found at 12:3 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 11:3 in the LXX.
ΕΩϹ
- EŌS
- until
ΤΙΝΟϹ
- TINOS
- what
ΘΗϹΟΜΑΙ
- THĒSOMAI
- I-will-put
ΒΟΥΛΑϹ
- BOULAS
- counsels
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΨΥΧΗ
- PSYCHĒ
- inner-person
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΟΔΥΝΑϹ
- ODYNAS
- pains
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΚΑΡΔΙΑ
- KARDIA
- heart
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΗΜΕΡΑϹ
- ĒMERAS
- days
()
- ()
{CA:
- {CA:
- [editor name]
Κ(ΑΙ)
- K(AI)
- and
ΝΥΚΤΟϹ
- NYKTOS
- night
·}
- ·}
ΕΩϹ
- EŌS
- until
ΠΟΤΕ
- POTE
- when
ΥΨΩΘΗϹΕΤΑΙ
- YPSŌTHĒSETAI
- will-be-exalted
Ο
- O
- the
ΕΧΘΡΟϹ
- ECHTHROS
- enemy
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΕΠ
- EP
- upon
ΕΜΕ
- EME
- me

12:4

(MT: 13:4)

Note: The text traditionally found at 12:4 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 11:4 in the LXX.
ΕΠΙΒΛΕΨΟΝ
- EPIBLEPSON
- look-upon
ΕΙϹΑΚΟΥϹΟΝ
- EISAKOUSON
- hear
ΚΕ
- KE
- Lord
Ο
- O
- the
ΘϹ
- THS
- God
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΦΩΤΙϹΟΝ
- PHŌTISON
- enlighten
ΤΟΥϹ
- TOUS
- the
ΟΦΘΑΛΜΟΥϹ
- OPHTHALMOUS
- eyes
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΜΗΠΟΤΕ
- MĒPOTE
- lest
ΥΠΝΩϹΩ
- YPNŌSŌ
- I-sleep
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- into
ΘΑΝΑΤΟ
- THANATO
- death

12:5

(MT: 13:5)

Note: The text traditionally found at 12:5 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 11:5 in the LXX.
ΜΗΠΟΤΕ
- MĒPOTE
- lest
ΕΙΠΗ
- EIPĒ
- say
Ο
- O
- the
ΕΧΘΡΟϹ
- ECHTHROS
- enemy
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΙϹΧΥϹΑ
- ISCHYSA
- I-have-prevailed
ΠΡΟϹ
- PROS
- against
ΑΥΤΟΝ
- AUTON
- him
ΟΙ
- OI
- the-ones
ΘΛΙΒΟΝΤΕϹ
- THLIBONTES
- oppressing
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑϹΟΝΤΑΙ
- AGALLIASONTAI
- will-rejoice
ΕΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ϹΑΛΕΥΘΩ
- SALEUTHŌ
- I-am-shaken

12:6

(MT: 13:6)

Note: The text traditionally found at 12:6 in the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) numbering is located at 11:6 in the LXX.
ΕΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΕΠΙ
- EPI
- on
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- the
ΕΛΕΕΙ
- ELEEI
- mercy
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
ΗΛΠΙϹΑ
- ĒLPISA
- I-hoped
ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑϹΕΤΑΙ
- AGALLIASETAI
- will-rejoice
Η
- Ē
- the
ΚΑΡΔΙΑ
- KARDIA
- heart
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΕΠΙ
- EPI
- on
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- the
ϹΩΤΗΡΙΩ
- SŌTĒRIŌ
- salvation
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
ΑϹΩ
- ASŌ
- I-will-sing
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΚΩ
- KŌ
- to-Lord
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the-one-who
ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΗϹΑΝΤΙ
- EUERGETĒSANTI
- benefited
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΨΑΛΩ
- PSALŌ
- I-will-sing-psalms
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΟΝΟΜΑΤΙ
- ONOMATI
- to-name
ΚΥ
- KY
- of-Lord
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- the
ΥΨΙϹΤΟΥ
- YPSISTOU
- Most-High

G1519, G1520

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G5056

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-los

Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty

Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.

G5568

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psal-MOS

Translations: psalm, a psalm, song, a song

Notes: This word refers to a psalm or a sacred song, often accompanied by stringed instruments. It is commonly used in the context of religious hymns or poetic compositions, particularly those found in the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It can be used to describe the act of singing or playing such a song.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΥΜΝΟΣ, ΩΔΗ

Etymology: From ψάλλω (psallō, "to pluck, play a stringed instrument"). It originally referred to the plucking of a stringed instrument, then to the song sung to the accompaniment of such an instrument.

G1138

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: DAH-oo-eed

Translations: David

Notes: This is the Greek form of the Hebrew name David, a significant figure in the Old Testament, known as a king of Israel. It is used to refer to the historical person.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, or Accusative. The final apostrophe (keraia) indicates it is used as a numeral, specifically 4, but in this context, it is a proper noun and the apostrophe is likely a scribal mark or a form of elision/coronis, though it's most commonly the proper noun 'David'.

Etymology: The name David is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'beloved' or 'friend'. It is a transliteration of the Hebrew name דָּוִד (Dawid).

G2193

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G4218

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G0654

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pos-TREP-sis

Translations: you will turn away, you will turn back, you will avert, you will cause to return, you will restore

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to turn away, turn back, or avert something. It can also mean to cause someone or something to return or to restore. It is used to describe an action of changing direction or bringing something back to a previous state or location.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΠΟΚΛΙΝΩ

Etymology: From ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and στρέφω (strephō, 'to turn'). It literally means 'to turn away from'.

G4383

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-OH-pon

Translations: face, a face, presence, person, appearance

Notes: This word refers to the face of a person or animal. It can also denote one's presence or appearance, or even a person themselves, especially in a formal or legal context. It is used to describe physical features as well as the impression or aspect someone presents.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, "to, towards") and ὤψ (ōps, "eye, face"). It literally means "that which is towards the eye" or "that which is before the eye."

G0575

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, off, out of, by, with

Notes: This is a common Greek preposition that indicates separation, origin, or cause. It means 'from' or 'away from' and is often used to show the source of something, the point from which an action begins, or the agent by which something is done. When used as a prefix (ΑΠ- or ΑΠΟ-), it intensifies the idea of separation or completion, often meaning 'off, away, back, completely'. For example, in 'ἀποστέλλω' (apostellō), it means 'to send away'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἀπό (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'. It is a very ancient and common preposition found across many Indo-European languages.

G5100

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TI-nos

Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose

Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G5590

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE

Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G5312

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hyp-so-THEH-seh-tai

Translations: will be exalted, will be lifted up, will be raised high

Notes: This word means to be exalted, lifted up, or raised high. It is used to describe someone or something being elevated in status, position, or literally in height. It often implies a sense of honor, prominence, or even arrogance, depending on the context. For example, a person's heart might be exalted in pride, or a king might be exalted to a high position.

Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΕΠΑΙΡΩ, ΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΥΨΟΩ (hypsóō) comes from the Greek word ὕψος (hypsos), meaning 'height' or 'summit'. It refers to the act of making something high or elevating it.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2190

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: EKH-thros

Translations: enemy, an enemy, hostile, a foe, foe

Notes: This word refers to an enemy or an adversary. It can be used as a noun to describe a person who is hostile or an opponent, or as an adjective to describe something as hostile or hateful. It is often used in a general sense to refer to anyone who is opposed to someone or something.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΟΛΕΜΙΟΣ

Etymology: From a primary word (meaning hate); properly, hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: ep-EE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, by, in, for, in addition to, besides, after, during, when, because of, concerning

Notes: This word is a common Koine Greek preposition that can also function as an adverb or a prefix. Its meaning is highly dependent on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place or time), 'in the time of', or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'on, upon, at' (of place), 'in addition to', 'for the purpose of', or 'because of'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'on, upon, to' (indicating motion towards), 'against', 'over' (of authority), or 'for' (of purpose). As a prefix, it generally adds the meaning of 'upon', 'over', 'to', or 'in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑ, ΥΠΕΡ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G1914

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-BLEP-son

Translations: look upon, look at, have regard for, consider, pay attention to, look favorably upon, show favor to

Notes: This word means to look upon, observe, or pay attention to something or someone. It often carries the nuance of looking with favor, compassion, or concern. It can be used in a command or entreaty, asking someone to direct their gaze or attention towards a particular object or person, often implying a request for help or consideration.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

Etymology: From the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb ΒΛΕΠΩ (blepō), meaning 'to see' or 'to look'.

G1522

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-a-KOO-son

Translations: hear, listen, give ear, answer prayer

Notes: This word means to hear, listen, or give ear to something. It can also specifically mean to hear and answer a prayer, implying a positive response. It is often used in contexts where someone is paying close attention or responding to a request.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ is a compound verb formed from ΕΙΣ (EIS), meaning 'into' or 'to', and ΑΚΟΥΩ (AKOUO), meaning 'to hear'. This combination suggests hearing 'into' or 'towards' something, implying attentive listening or a response.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3379

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAY-po-teh

Translations: lest, perhaps, never, at any time, by no means

Notes: ΜΗΠΟΤΕ is a compound adverb formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (mē) and the indefinite adverb ΠΟΤΕ (pote). It is used to express a negative possibility, a fear that something might happen, or a rhetorical question implying a negative answer. Depending on the context, it can be translated as 'lest,' 'perhaps,' 'never,' or 'at any time.' It often introduces a clause expressing a feared outcome or a possibility that is being denied.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΗΠΩΣ, ΜΗ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΜΗ (mē), meaning 'not,' and the indefinite adverb ΠΟΤΕ (pote), meaning 'at some time' or 'ever.'

G2036

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pay

Translations: he may say, he might say, he says, he speaks

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to express an action that is desired, possible, or hypothetical, often in dependent clauses. It can refer to someone speaking, telling, or commanding.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: The verb εἶπον (eipo), from which ΕΙΠΗ is derived, serves as the aorist stem for both λέγω (legō, 'to say') and ἐρῶ (erō, 'I will say'). Its origin is complex, combining elements from different Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking.

G2480

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: is-KHY-sa

Translations: I was able, I could, I prevailed, I had strength, I was strong, I had power, I was mighty

Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ischyō'. It means 'I was able' or 'I had strength' in a past, completed action. It describes the ability or power to do something, often implying success or prevailing over an obstacle.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΕΝΙΣΧΥΩ

Etymology: The verb ἰσχύω (ischyō) comes from the noun ἰσχύς (ischys), meaning 'strength' or 'power'. It is related to the concept of having inherent might or capability.

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2346

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: THLEE-bon-tes

Translations: those who afflict, those who trouble, oppressors, persecutors

Notes: This word is a present active participle, plural, masculine, nominative, or accusative case, derived from the verb 'θλίβω' (thlibō). It refers to individuals who are actively causing distress, trouble, or oppression. It can be translated as 'those who afflict' or 'oppressors' and is often used to describe enemies or adversaries.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΙΩΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΧΘΡΟΙ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΙ

G1437

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ

Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G1679

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-pi-sa

Translations: I hoped, I have hoped, I trusted, I have trusted

Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ελπίζω' (elpizo), meaning 'to hope' or 'to trust'. It describes a past action of hoping or trusting that is viewed as a completed event. It is used to express a confident expectation or reliance on something or someone.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ελπίζω' (elpizo) is derived from the noun 'ελπίς' (elpis), meaning 'hope'. Its origin is ancient, tracing back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to 'to wish' or 'to expect'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G2109

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-er-ge-TE-san-tee

Translations: to have done good, to have benefited, to have shown kindness, to have conferred a favor

Notes: This word describes the act of doing good, benefiting someone, or conferring a favor. It implies a past action that has resulted in a positive outcome for another person. It is often used in contexts where someone has provided assistance, support, or a benevolent act.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Dative

Synonyms: ΩΦΕΛΕΩ, ΑΓΑΘΟΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΕΩ is a compound word derived from ΕΥ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and ΕΡΓΟΝ (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. Thus, it literally means 'to do good work' or 'to do well'.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G5310

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: YP-see-STOO

Translations: (of) the Most High, (of) the Highest, (of) God Most High

Notes: This word means 'highest' or 'most high'. It is often used as a substantive, referring to God as 'the Most High'. It describes something or someone that is supreme in position, rank, or quality. When used in a sentence, it typically functions as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a noun itself referring to God.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΩΤΑΤΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΤΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΥΨΙΣΤΟΣ (hypsistos) is derived from the Greek word ὕψος (hypsos), meaning 'height' or 'summit'. It is the superlative form of the adjective ὑψηλός (hypsēlos), meaning 'high'.

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